Table 1 Characteristics of vaginal deliveries
Nulliparous N = 4384 | Multiparous N = 5999 | Total N = 10,383 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at delivery (years) a Mean (SD) | 27.8 (4.2) | 31.3 (4.3)** | 29.9 (4.6) | |
Gestational age (days) Mean (SD) | 279 (14) | 280 (12) | 280 (13) | |
Obstetrical factors N (%) | Spontaneous onset of delivery | 3105 (71) | 4466 (74)** | 7571 (73) |
Dystocia treated with Oxytocin | 704 (16) | 326 (5.4)** | 1030 (9.9) | |
Epidural a | 1352 (31) | 701 (12)** | 2053 (20) | |
OVD | 549 (13) | 136 (2.3)** | 685(6,6) | |
Episiotomy | 198 (4.5) | 55 (0.9)** | 253 (2.4) | |
OASI care bundle N (%) | Communication | 4211 (96) | 5327 (89)** | 9538 (92) |
Perineum visible | 4114 (94) | 5315 (89)** | 9429 (91) | |
Hand on fetal head | 4172 (95) | 5698 (95) | 9870 (95) | |
Perineal support | 3800 (87) | 4803 (80)** | 8603 (83) | |
Certification | 3922 (89) | 5284 (88)* | 9206 (89) | |
All five elements | 3263 (74) | 3961 (66)** | 7224 (70) | |
Birth position b N (%) | Recumbent | 601 (27) | 800 (26) | 1401 (26) |
Semi-recumbent | 1272 (56) | 1468 (47)** | 2740 (51) | |
Sitting upright / birthing chair | 11 (0.5) | 17 (0.5) | 28 (0.5) | |
Squatting | 6 (0.3) | 9 (0.3) | 15 (0.3) | |
Standing | 28 (1.2) | 70 (2.2) | 98 (1.8) | |
All fours | 47 (2.1) | 96 (3.1) | 143 (2.7) | |
Side lying | 157 (6.9) | 366 (11.7)** | 523 (9.7) | |
Water birth | 144 (6.4) | 303 (9.7)** | 447 (8.3) | |
Condition of the newborn baby N (%) | Apgar < 7 / 5 min | 39 (0.89) | 48 (0.80) | 87 (0.84) |
pH < 7.0 c | 15 (0.35) | 13 (0.23) | 28 (0.28) | |
pH 7.0 – 7.09 c | 174 (4.1) | 128 (3.8) | 302 (3.4) | |
Missed pH | 121 (2.8) | 221 (3.7)* | 342 (3.4) | |
Birth weight (grams) d Mean (SD) | 3470 (516) | 3654 (512)** | 3576 (522) | |