Table 2 Comparison of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic pregnant women with COVID-19: summary estimates
Outcomes | Odds Ratio/Mean Difference (95% CI) | No of studies; No of participants | Heterogeneity Chi2 P-value; I2 |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Mean age (years) | 1.01 [−0.10 to 2.12] | 5; 324 | 0.89; 0% |
Advanced maternal age | 1.62 [0.05 to 51.11] | 1; 10 | N/A |
Gestational age on admission | −0.56 [−1.67 to 0.56] | 2; 100 | 0.34; 0% |
Mean BMI | 0.60 [−6.39 to 5.19] | 1; 68 | N/A |
Nulliparity | 0.62 [0.21 to 1.84] | 1; 68 | N/A |
Hispanic | 0.82 [0.66 to 1.03] | 1; 1219 | N/A |
Asian | 1.64 [1.23 to 2.18] | 1; 1148 | N/A |
Black | 1.48 [1.19 to 1.85] | 2; 2367 | 0.003; 89% |
White | 0.63 [0.52 to 0.76] | 2; 2367 | 0.00001; 96% |
Past medical history | |||
Smoking | 0.50 [0.36 to 0.71] | 2; 2367 | 0.07; 69% |
Comorbidity | 0.53 [0.05 to 5.84] | 3; 165 | 0.003; 82% |
Obesity | 1.37 [1.15 to 1.62] | 3; 2516 | 0.83; 0% |
Hypertension | 2.07 [1.38 to 3.10] | 3; 2427 | 0.03; 72% |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.53 [0.75 to 3.12] | 2; 2367 | 0.11; 60% |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.25 [0.57 to 2.77] | 4; 2576 | 0.12; 48% |
Hypothyroidism | 0.39 [0.02 to 9.13] | 1; 23 | N/A |
Respiratory disease/Asthma | 1.64 [1.25 to 2.16] | 3; 2516 | 0.01; 78% |
Pregnancy complications | |||
Intrauterine growth retardation | 3.80 [0.47 to 30.52] | 1; 266 | N/A |
GDM | 1.06 [0.73 to 1.54] | 3; 1357 | 0.64; 0% |
Preeclampsia/PIH | 1.84 [1.01 to 3.38] | 5; 1465 | 0.53; 0% |
PROM | 0.39 [0.02 to 9.13] | 1; 23 | N/A |
Complications | |||
Maternal ICU admission | 13.25 [5.60 to 31.34] | 3; 1756 | 0.65; 0% |
Mechanical ventilation | 15.56 [2.96 to 81.70] | 2; 443 | 0.68; 0% |
Maternal Death | 11.87 [0.67 to 211.22] | 1; 1219 | N/A |
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes | |||
C-section delivery | 1.40 [1.17 to 1.67] | 8; 2982 | 0.36; 8% |
Vaginal delivery | 0.74 [0.43 to 1.27] | 3; 1218 | 0.29; 18% |
Preterm birth < 37 weeks | 2.10 [1.04 to 4.23] | 6; 1760 | 0.03; 59% |
Preterm birth < 34 weeks | 4.34 [0.52 to 36.14] | 2; 115 | 0.87; 0% |
Neonatal Asphyxia | N/A | 1; 11 | N/A |
Mean birthweight (g) | 240.96 [188.42 to 293.51] | 4; 1488 | < 0.00001; 96% |
Low birth weight | 1.85 [1.06 to 3.24] | 3; 401 | 0.03; 71% |
Stillbirths | 1.05 [0.37 to 2.97] | 3; 1345 | 0.74; 0% |
Mean APGAR score at 1 min | 0.36 [−0.19 to 0.91] | 2; 18 | N/A |
Mean APGAR score at 5 min | N/A | 2; 18 | N/A |
NICU admission | 1.96 [1.59 to 2.43] | 4; 2637 | 0.06; 60% |
Neonatal death | 1.57 [0.59 to 4.17] | 6;2754 | 0.82; 0% |
Neonatal COVID-19 infection | 0.91 [0.08 to 10.31] | 3; 98 | 0.94; 0% |