Table 4 Bivariable and multivariable regression analysis of demographic, health, and psychometric variables as predictors of antenatal depression (as measured by EPDS). Bivariable and multivariable logistic and linear regression (Odds Ratio, 95% CI)a
Bivariable | Model 1: Demographicb | Model 2: Demographicb + Health | Model 3: Demographicb + Health + Psychometric | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic and socio-economic | ||||
Age | ||||
≤25 | 1.43(0.48,4.29) | 1.07(0.32,3.54) | 1.31(0.38,4.76) | 2.02(0.49,8.38) |
26 – 30 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥31 | 3.88(1.71,9.97) | 3.15(1.31,8.53) | 2.65(1.05,7.35) | 1.65(0.56,5.32) |
Trimester | ||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 0.48(0.17,1.60) | 0.63(0.20,2.24) | 0.58(0.18,2.11) | 0.43(0.11,1.95) |
3 | 1.05(0.41,3.26) | 0.91(0.46,4.48) | 1.24(0.42,4.28) | 1.07(0.31,4.44) |
Parity | ||||
Primiparous | 0.29(0.12,0.64) | 0.43(0.15,1.07) | 0.41(0.14,1.14) | 0.20(0.05,0.74) |
Multiparous | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Employment | ||||
Outside work | 0.33(0.13,0.72) | 0.38(0.13,0.98) | 0.40(0.13,1.06) | 0.45(0.13,1.39) |
Housewife | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Religion/Ethnicity | ||||
Buddhist Sinhala | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Other | 0.91(0.38,1.95) | 0.72(0.26,1.81) | 0.70(0.25,1.80) | 0.75(0.22,2.29) |
Education | ||||
Primary or below | 4.28(0.66,34.28) | 2.11(0.22,23.5) | 2.86(0.29,33.69) | 0.29(0.02,5.37) |
Junior Secondary | 3.14(0.90,19.86) | 1.12(0.22,8.58) | 1.28(0.24,10.11) | 0.55(0.09,5.02) |
Senior Secondary | 1.40(0.34,9.45) | 0.53(0.10,4.14) | 0.64(0.12,5.19) | 0.40(0.06,3.46) |
College or Above | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Social class | ||||
Highest | 0.52(0.15,1.66) | 0.60(0.15,2.32) | 0.66(0.15,2.73) | 0.57(0.09,3.26) |
Higher | 0.17(0.04,0.56) | 0.27(0.06,1.14) | 0.33(0.07,1.49) | 0.48(0.08,2.94) |
Lower | 0.86(0.37,2.16) | 0.91(0.33,2.82) | 1.02(0.35,3.35) | 1.09(0.30,4.71) |
Lowest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Health | ||||
Subfertility | ||||
Yes | 1.50(0.43,4.04) | 1.78(0.43,5.87) | 1.70(0.35,6.56) | |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
Yes | 3.99(1.50,9.56) | 1.81(0.58,5.23) | 1.72(0.44,6.21) | |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
History of LBW baby | ||||
Yes | 2.55(0.91,6.18) | 1.10(0.35,3.06) | 1.56(0.42,5.21) | |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
History of abortion | ||||
Yes | 1.73(0.67,3.91) | 1.03(0.35,2.70) | 0.84(0.24,2.61) | |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
BMI | ||||
Low BMI | 0.72(0.28,1.67) | 0.82(0.29,2.14) | 0.62(0.17,1.97) | |
Normal BMI | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
High BMI | 1.67(0.72,3.62) | 1.19(0.47,2.83) | 1.66(0.56,4.71) | |
History of pre-eclampsia | ||||
Yes | 3.32(1.17,8.21) | 1.96(0.60,5.76) | 2.67(0.58,10.54) | |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Psychometric | ||||
Anxiety total | 1.13(1.07,1.20) | |||
Delivery | 1.12(1.02,1.22) | 1.28(0.98,1.30) | ||
Baby’s health | 1.48(1.29,1.71) | 1.14(0.92,1.41) | ||
Appearance | 1.09(0.93,1.24) | 0.94(0.72,1.16) | ||
Social support total | 0.91(0.89,0.93) | |||
Family | 0.79(0.74,0.85) | 0.94(0.92,1.02) | ||
Friends | 0.93(0.89,0.96) | 1.13(0.83,1.06) | ||
Special person | 0.83(0.79,0.87) | 0.94(0.77,0.95) | ||