Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and antenatal care (ANC) among married women living together with partners with at least one child aged 5 years or younger, selected from Rwanda DHS 2014–15

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.945(0.656–1.360)

0.967(0.674–1.389)

1.073(0.348–3.306)

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

1.068(0.653–1.746)

0.931(0.568–1.527)

0.500(0.162–1.550)

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.638(0.433–0.940)*

0.611(0.414–0.901)*

3.924(0.470–32.756)

 No education

0.428(0.100–1.8410

0.327(0.089–1.196)

4.507(0.424–47.868)

 Primary

0.456(0.116–1.791)

0.343(0.103–1.142)

3.080(0.236–40.174)

 Secondary

0.653(0.173–2.464)

0.367(0.115–1.165)

na

 Higher

1

1

Husband’s education level

na

 No education

0.576(0.196–1.709)

0.767(0.290–2.030)

 Primary

0.669(0.237–1.894)

0.890(0.354–2.238)

 Secondary

1.039(0.357–3.025)

0.837(0.327–2.146)

 Higher

1

1

 Illiterate

1.097(0.712–1.689)

1.031(0.676–1.572)

0.175(0.017–1.836)

 Literate

1

1

1

Area of residence

na

 Urban

0.828(0.546–1.256)

0.942(0.662–1.343)

 Rural

1

1

 Kigali city

0.469(0.284–0.775)*

1.271(0.775–2.086)

1.480(0.263–8.338)

 South

1.174(0.815–1.690)

2.331(1.626–3.342)*

1.101(0.285–4.259)

 West

0.909(0.639–1.293)

1.450(1.027–2.049)*

0.211(0.075–0.593)*

 North

1.109(0.744–1.653)

1.607(1.091–2.368)*

2.998(0.343–26.174)

 East

1

1

1

Exposed to mass media

na

na

 No type

1.119(0.684–1.833)

 One types

1.097(0.733–1.643)

 Two types

1.123(0.741–1.702)

 Three types

1

Woman’s current age

1.000(0.968–1.032)

1.002(0.971–1.035)

na

Husband/partner’s age

0.984(0.965–1.004)

0.983(0.964–1.004)

na

Wealth index

na

 Poorest

0.667(0.383–1.161)

3.488(0.824–14.764)

 Poorer

0.631(0.368–1.080)

1.918(0.548–6.719)

 Middle

0.662(0.388–1.127)

3.577(0.793–16.128)

 Richer

0.606(0.364–1.009)

0.815(0.267–2.487)

 Richest

1

1

Household’s size

0.865(0.784–0.954)*

1.270(0.987–1.635)