Table 4 Maternal outcomes

 Induction-IV S-ketamine or NS interval, min

6.8 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 1.8

0.685

 Hypotension, %

2(5)

26(65)

< 0.001

 Rescue phenylephrine bolus dose

0(0–0)^a

50(0–50)^a

< 0.001

 Hyoxemia,%

1(2.5)

4(10)

0.359

 Bradycardia, %

0(0)

6(15)

0.026

 Dyspnea, %

0(0)

17(42.5)

< 0.001

 Nausea, %

0(0)

15(37.5)

< 0.001

 Vomiting, %

0(0)

14(35)

< 0.001

 Shiver, %

0(0)

0(0)

1.000

 Visceral traction pain,%

3(7.5)

18(45)

< 0.001

 Dreaming,%

25(62.5)

0(0)

< 0.001

 Blurred vision,%

0(0)

0(0)

1.000

 Dizziness, %

21(52.5)

1(2.5)

< 0.001

 Upper sensory level

T5(4–5.75)^a

T4(3–4)^a

< 0.001

 Total co-load IV fluid volume, ml

830 ± 194

849 ± 221

0.679

 Blood loss volume, mL

192.8 ± 25.6

207.0 ± 28.5

0.021

 Level of sedation before delivery (score:1/2/3/4/5)

0/0/1/0/39

12/5/23/0/0

< 0.001

 Level of sedation 5 min after delivery (score:1/2/3/4/5)

0/0/32/8/0

3/0/37/0/0

0.001

 Level of sedation at the end of surgery (score:1/2/3/4/5)

0/0/40/0/0

0/2/38/0/0

0.494

 Surgery time, min

40.6 ± 9.2

42.2 ± 8.4

0.422

 Duration of first PCA, min

484.3 ± 325.6

212.2 ± 61.4

< 0.001

 Recovery of lower limb mobility, min

119.3 ± 31.7

152.1 ± 40.0

< 0.001

 Resting VAS at 24H

1.4 ± 1.1

3.4 ± 0.9

< 0.001

 Mobile VAS at 24H

3.8 ± 1.3

5.9 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 PCA times during 24H

1.7 ± 1.8

2.2 ± 2.3

0.005

 Resting VAS at 48H

0.7 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.7

< 0.001

 Mobile VAS at 48H

2.2 ± 1.1

3.4 ± 1.1

< 0.001

 PCA times during 24-48H

0.4 ± 0.9

0.7 ± 0.8

0.123

 EPDS scores at discharge

2.3 ± 2.5

4.1 ± 3.0

0.004