Trends and factors related to adolescent pregnancies: an incidence trend and conditional inference trees analysis of northern Nicaragua demographic surveillance data

Pérez, Wilton; Ekholm Selling, Katarina; Zelaya Blandón, Elmer; Peña, Rodolfo; Contreras, Mariela; Persson, Lars-Åke; Sysoev, Oleg; Källestål, Carina

doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04215-4

Table 1 Individual and household variables in the conditional inference tree analyses of adolescent pregnancies NN-HDSS, 2014

From: Trends and factors related to adolescent pregnancies: an incidence trend and conditional inference trees analysis of northern Nicaragua demographic surveillance data

Categorical variables	Labels		All^a20–24 n = 1041		Stayers^a20–24 n = 752	Leavers^a20–24 n = 289
Categorical variables	Labels		n	%^b	n	%^b	n	%^b
Individual variables
Adolescent Pregnancy	0 Not given birth at age 10–19 years		734	71	604	80	130	45
Adolescent Pregnancy	1 Given birth at age 10–19 years		307	29	148	20	159	55
Occupation	1 Unemployed		65	6	60	8	5	2
	2 Housewife		730	70	462	61	268	93
	3 Employed		64	6	53	7	11	4
	4 Student		182	17	177	24	5	2
Education (years of schooling)	1 No education		131	13	72	10	59	20
	2 Primary (6 yrs)		657	63	455	61	202	70
	3 Secondary (5 yrs)		9	1	9	1	0	0
	4 Higher (5 yrs)		244	23	216	29	28	10
Women’s self-rated health	1 Good		636	61	476	63	160	55
Women’s self-rated health	2 Average or bad		405	39	276	37	129	45
Household variables
UBN^c	0 No basic need unsatisfied		265	25	210	28	55	19
	1 Wall is made of wood, cartons, plastic AND mud floor		345	33	258	34	87	30
	2 Access to water from rivers, wells, or bought in barrels AND no latrine		421	40	275	37	146	51
	3 Children aged 7 to 14 years are not attending school OR 4 The head is illiterate or not completed primary school AND dependency ratio > 2		10	1	9	1	1	< 1
Poverty	0 Not poor = UBN^c 0–1		610	59	468	62	142	49
Poverty	1 Poor = UBN^c 2–4		431	41	284	38	147	51
House wall type	1 Ceramic brick		302	29	223	30	79	27
	2 Adobe/wattle wall		719	69	524	70	195	67
	3 Other		20	2	5	1	15	5
Water availability	1 Inside pipe		363	35	283	38	80	28
	2 Commune post		32	3	22	3	10	3
	3 Own well		222	21	170	22	52	18
	4 Communal well		292	28	199	26	93	32
	5 River or Creek		76	7	52	7	24	8
	6 Purchased water or Other sources		56	5	26	3	30	10
Toilet type	1 Toilet		23	2	19	3	4	1
	2 Latrine		838	80	658	88	180	62
	3 No toilet or latrine		180	17	75	10	105	36
Floor in house	1 Ceramic brick		85	8	68	9	17	6
	2 Brick of Mud or Cement		73	7	63	8	10	3
	3 Tiling		331	32	248	33	83	29
	4 Mud floor		552	53	373	50	179	62
Electricity in the house	1 Yes		931	89	698	93	233	81
Electricity in the house	2 No		110	11	54	7	56	19
Stove in house	1 Gas		81	8	52	7	29	10
Stove in house	2 Wood		960	92	700	93	260	90
Water meter in use	1 Yes		216	21	167	22	49	17
Water meter in use	2 No		825	79	585	78	240	83
Microcredit in HH^c	1 Yes		138	13	108	14	30	10
Microcredit in HH^c	2 No		903	87	644	86	259	90
Technical training in HH^d	1 Yes		162	16	133	18	29	10
Technical training in HH^d	2 No		879	84	619	82	260	90
Home garden in HH^d	1 Yes		61	6	49	7	12	4
Home garden in HH^d	2 No		980	94	703	93	277	96
Home garden in use	1 Yes		43	4	35	5	8	3
Home garden in use	2 No		998	96	717	95	281	97
Anxiety in HH^d for lack of food	0 Never		166	16	122	16	44	15
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		429	41	299	40	130	45
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		241	23	175	23	66	23
	3 Often (> 10 times)		205	20	156	21	49	17
Inability in HH^d to eat preferred food	0 Never		163	16	111	15	52	18
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		436	42	307	41	129	45
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		344	33	260	35	84	29
	3 Often (> 10 times)		98	9	74	10	24	8
Limited variation of food in HH^d due to lack of food	0 Never		221	21	157	21	64	22
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		483	46	344	46	139	48
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		267	26	197	26	70	24
	3 Often (> 10 times)		70	7	54	7	16	6
Few kinds of food consumed in HH^d due to lack of food	0 Never		212	20	154	7	58	20
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		505	49	358	48	147	51
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		264	25	192	26	72	25
	3 Often (> 10 times)		60	6	48	6	12	4
Reduction of portion sizes of meals in HH^d due to lack of food	0 Never		295	28	213	28	82	28
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		494	47	348	46	146	51
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		207	20	155	21	52	18
	3 Often (> 10 times)		45	4	36	5	9	3
Fewer meals consumed in HH^d due to lack of food	0 Never		454	44	331	44	123	43
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		408	39	285	38	123	43
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times)		149	14	112	15	37	13
	3 Often (> 10 times)		30	3	24	3	6	2
No food to eat in HH^d due to lack of resources	0 Never		757	73	546	73	211	73
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		231	22	164	22	67	23
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times) and often (> 10 times)		53	5	42	6	11	4
HH^d going to sleep hungry due to lack of food	0 Never		913	88	654	87	259	90
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		97	9	72	10	25	9
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times) and often (> 10 times)		31	3	26	3	5	2
HH^d having days of hunger due to insufficient amount of food	0 Never		958	92	688	91	270	93
	1 Rarely (1–2 times)		62	6	45	6	17	6
	2 Sometimes (3–10 times) and often (> 10 times)		21	2	19	3	2	1
TV antenna in HH^b	1 Parabolic antenna		149	14	125	17	24	8
	2 Normal antenna		427	41	334	44	93	32
	3 Handmade antenna		88	8	72	10	16	6
	4 No antenna		377	36	221	29	156	54
Car in HH^d	1 Yes		31	3	28	4	3	1
Car in HH^d	2 No		1010	97	724	96	286	99
Motorbike in HH^d	1Yes		123	12	88	12	35	12
Motorbike in HH^d	2 No		918	88	664	88	254	88
Bike in HH^d	1 Yes		184	18	133	18	51	18
Bike in HH^d	2 No		857	82	619	82	238	82
Horse in HH^d	1 Yes		296	28	241	32	55	19
Horse in HH^d	2 No		745	72	511	68	234	81
Refrigerator in HH^d	1 Yes		363	35	298	40	65	22
Refrigerator in HH^d	2 No		678	65	454	60	224	78
Sewing machine in HH^d	1 Yes		69	7	62	8	7	2
Sewing machine in HH^d	2 No		972	93	690	92	282	98
Computer in HH^d	1 Yes		56	5	44	6	12	4
Computer in HH^d	2 No		985	95	708	94	277	96
Tortilla oven in HH^d	1 Yes		192	18	173	23	19	7
Tortilla oven in HH^d	2 No		849	82	579	77	270	93
Stove with a chimney in HH^d	1 Yes		21	2	15	2	6	2
Stove with a chimney in HH^d	2 No		1020	98	737	98	283	98
Sex of HH^d head	1 Female head of HH^d		250	24	208	28	42	15
Sex of HH^d head	2 Male head of HH^d		791	76	544	72	247	85
Illiterate living in HH^d	0 No illiterate in HH^d		749	72	508	68	241	83
Illiterate living in HH^d	1 Illiterate in HH^d		292	28	244	32	48	17
Highest education in HH^d	0 No education or Primary school		174	17	82	11	92	32
	2 Secondary school		522	50	374	50	148	51
	3 Technical education		82	8	67	9	15	5
	4 University education		263	25	229	30	34	12
Immigration in HH^d	0 No immigration in HH^d		464	45	412	55	52	18
Immigration in HH^d	1 Immigration in HH^d		577	55	340	45	237	82
Emigration in HH^d	0 No emigration in HH^d		382	37	207	28	175	61
Emigration in HH^d	1 Emigration in HH^d		659	63	545	72	114	39
HH^c member immigrated from a foreign country	0 No immigration from another country in a household		938	90	658	88	280	97
HH^c member immigrated from a foreign country	1 Immigration from another country in HH^d		103	10	94	12	9	3
HH^d member emigrated to a foreign country	0 No emigration to another country in HH^d		880	85	621	83	259	90
HH^d member emigrated to a foreign country	1 Emigration to another country in HH^d		161	15	131	17	30	10
Children (< 15 yrs.) In HH^d working	0 No		1017	98	732	97	285	99
Children (< 15 yrs.) In HH^d working	1 Yes		24	2	20	3	4	1
Continuous variables
	All^b20–24 n = 1041		Stayers^b20–24 n = 752			Leavers^b20–24 n = 289
	Mean (Median)	Min/ Max	Mean (Median)		Min/ Max	Mean (Median)	Min/ Max
No of adults in HH^d	6.2 (6.0)	1/19	7.0 (7.0)		2/19	4.2 (2.0)	1/17
No in HH^d not working	3.4 (3.0)	0/13	4.0 (4.0)		0/13	1.9 (1.0)	0/9
No in HH^d working	1.7 (1.0)	0/6	1.9 (2.0)		0/6	1.3 (1.0)	0/5
No of working adults (> = 15 yrs.) in HH^d	1.7 (1.0)	0/6	1.9 (2.0)		0/6	1.3 (1.0)	0/5
No of not working adults (> = 15 yrs.) in HH^d	3.4 (3.0)	0/13	3.0 (3.0)		0/8	1.4 (1.0)	0/6
No of individuals in HH^d	8.1 (8.0)	1/25	8.9 (8.0)		2/25	5.9 (4.0)	1/20
Ratio of adults working to not working in HH^d	0.9 (0.8)	0/9	0.8 (0.7)		0/9	1.2 (1.0)	0/9
Ratio of working adults (> = 15 yrs.) to no of individuals in HH^d	0.2 (0.2)	0/1	0.2 (0.2)		0/0.8	0.26 (0.25)	0/1
Proportion of adolescent pregnancies in the home community 2014	0.3 (0.3)	0/1	0.3 (0.3)		0/0.8	0.4 (0.3)	0/1

^aAll are all women that have reported about pregnancies in each age category. Stayers are those we presume have stayed in the household they belonged to when getting pregnant (or at an earlier age), due to that they either were daughters or had another family relation to the head of household. Leavers are those we presume have left the household they belonged to before getting pregnant (or at an earlier age), due to that they were head of household or spouse to head of household, were not family of the head of household, or employees
^bDue to rounding, percentages do not always add up to 100
^cUBN Unsatisfied Basic Need index
^dHH Households

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpregnancyandchildbirth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Contact us