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Table 4 Predictors of having DS or FoB only or both

From: Predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms among pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey in Pwani region, Tanzania

Variables

Predictors of having fear of childbirth only

Predictors of having depressive symptoms only

Predictors of having both fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms

n = 68/571 (11%)

n = 86/589 (14.6%)

n = 37/540 (6.9%)

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

OR (95%Cl)

OR (95%Cl)

OR (95%Cl)

OR (95%Cl)

OR (95%Cl)

OR (95%Cl)

Age

  ≤ 20 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

 21–30 years

0.78 (0.42–1.43)

0.69 (0.33–1.42)

1.66 (0.87–3.17)

0.89 (0.41–1.94)

0.89 (0.38–2.13)

2.56 (0.95–6.89)

  ≥ 31 years

0.55 (0.26–1.14)

0.39 (0.15–1.04)

1.96 (0.46–2.03)

0.59 (0.22–1.62)

0.91 (0.35–2.33)

6.29 (1.43–27.84)*

Education level

 No formal education

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Primary education

1.04 (0.55–1.98)

1.32 (0.51–3.45)

0.99 (0.52–1.89)

0.36 (0.16–0.81)*

1.25 (0.53–2.96)

0.95 (0.37–2.43)

 Secondary and higher

0.75 (0.31–1.83)

1.33 (0.61–2.94)

2.43 (1.21–4.87)*

0.34 (0.19–0.63)*

0.50 (0.13–2.00)

0.22 (0.05–0.99)*

Parity

 Nullipara

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Multipara

0.84 (0.57–1.58)

1.42 (0.69–2.88)

0.91(0.57–1.43)

1.33 (0.68–2.60)

0.51 (0.26–1.03)

0.27 (0.09–0.87)*

Income

 Adequate

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Inadequate

1.13 (0.68–1.88)

NA

2.06 (1.26–3.36)*

2.35 (1.38–3.99)*

2.11 (1.02–4.35)*

2.09 (0.97–4.52)

Marital status

 Married

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Single

1.33 (0.68–2.59)

NA

2.04 (1.27–3.29)*

1.98 (1.18–3.32)*

2.97 (1.43–6.18)

2.57 (1.14–5.78)*

Ever experienced obstetric complications

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.15 (0.69–1.91)

NA

1.32 (0.84–2.09)

NA

4.20 (1.88–9.37)*

3.19(1.42–7.19)*

Planned pregnancy

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.23 (0.71–2.13)

NA

1.58 (0.93–2.67)

NA

1.06 (0.52–2.17)

NA

Previous perineal tear

 No

1

1

1

 

1

1

 Yes

1.49 (0.80–2.78)

NA

2.42 (1.45–4.05)*

2.32 (1.31–4.08)*

1.46 (0.64–3.31)

NA

Social support from a male partner

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.52 (0.91–2.52)

NA

1.59 (1.00–2.51)*

1.46 (0.87–2.45)

1.29 (0.66–2.52)

NA

  1. NA Not applicable – indicates that the univariable p value was ≥0.20 and that the variable was not entered into the multivariable model
  2. *p < 0.005, **p < 0.001