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Table 3 Demographic and obstetrics predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms

From: Predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms among pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey in Pwani region, Tanzania

Variables

Fear of childbirth

Depressive symptoms

n = 105/694 (15.1%)

n = 123/694 (17.7%)

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age

 ≤ 20 years

1

1

1

1

 21–30 years

0.76 (0.45–1.27)

1.02 (0.55–1.89)

1.32 (0.76–2.29)

1.38 (0.70–2.69)

 ≥ 31 years

0.66 (0.37–1.19)

0.88 (0.38–2.03)

0.93 (0.49–1.73)

1.05 (0.44–2.53)

Education level

 No formal education

1

1

1

1

 Primary education

1.11 (0.66–1.89)

0.94 (0.54–1.64)

1.08 (0.63–1.83)

0.90 (0.51–1.61)

 Secondary education and above

0.58 (0.27–0.99)*

0.42 (0.18–0.94)*

1.84 (0.99–3.40)

1.49 (0.72–3.09)

Parity

 Nulliparous

1

1

1

1

 Parous

0.78 (0.51–1.19)

0.78 (0.42–1.45)

0.77 (0.52–1.14)

0.79 (0.43–1.44)

Marital status

 Married

1

1

1

1

 Single

2.01 (1.33–3.02)*

1.56 (0.92–2.65)

2.01 (1.33–3.02)*

1.72 (1.01–2.91)*

Planned pregnancy

 No

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1.09 (0.69–1.72)

NA

1.36 (0.88–2.10)

NA

Income

 Adequate

  

1

1

 Inadequate

1.26 (0.82–1.93)

NA

2.04 (1.34–3.10)*

2.39 (1.49–3.83)**

Social support from a male partner in a previous childbirth

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.75 (0.49–1.14)

0.49 (0.29–0.79)*

0.71 (0.48–1.04)

0.61 (0.37–0.98)*

Ever experienced obstetric complications

  

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.72 (1.72–2.61)*

2.03 (1.24–3.23)*

2.33 (1.43–3.81)*

1.76 (1.07–2.89)*

Previous perineal tear

 No

1

 

1

1

 Yes

1.26 (0.76–2.09)

NA

2.03 (1.26–3.25)*

1.21(0.72–2.01)

DS

 No

1

 

NA

NA

 Yes

3.18 (2.01–5.05)**

3.42 (2.12–5.53)**

NA

NA

FoB

 No

NA

NA

1

1

 Yes

NA

NA

3.18 (2.01–5.05)**

3.23 (2.01–5.35)**

  1. NA Not applicable to that particular category and not entered into the multivariable model as the univariable pvalue was ≥0.200
  2. *p < 0.005, **p < 0.001