Table 4 Demographic, obstetric and behavioral characteristics as risk factors for UTI
| Ā | Culture Status | Ļ2 (p-value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factors | Parameter | Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gravidity | Primigravida | 34 (38.2) | 76 (38.4) | 1.01 (0.60ā1.68) | 0.01 (0.92) |
Multigravida | 55 (61.8) | 122 (61.6) | |||
Parity | Nulliparous | 36 (40.4) | 54 (27.3) | 1.08 (0.65ā1.8) | 0.03 (0.85) |
Multiparous | 53 (59.6) | 144 (72.7) | |||
Gestational age | 1st trimester | 8 (9.0) | 9 (4.5) | Ā | 2.96 (0.23) |
2nd trimester | 36 (40.4) | 73 (36.9) | |||
3rd trimester | 45 (50.6) | 116 (58.6) | |||
Maternal age at first pregnancy | ā¤Teen age 19 | 72 (80.9) | 163 (82.3) | 0.9 (0.4ā1.7) | 0.02 (0.91) |
>Teen age 19 | 17 (19.1) | 35 (17.7) | |||
Maternal age | < 30 | 63 (70.8) | 147 (74.2) | 1.2 (0.66ā2.08) | 0.37 (0.54) |
>30 | 26 (29.2) | 51 (25.8) | |||
Marital status | Single/divorced | 24 (27.0) | 66 (33.3) | 0.73 (0.42ā1.28) | 1.67 (0.43) |
Married | 65 (73.0) | 132 (66.7) | |||
Level of education | Illiterates and basic | 6 (18.2) | 27 (81.8) | 0.46 (0.18ā1.15) | 3.76 (0.21) |
Above basic | 83 (32.7) | 171 (67.3) | |||
Gestational age at first ANC | <3āmonths | 37 (41.6) | 70 (35.4) | 0.77 (0.46ā1.28) | 1.02 (0.31) |
>3āmonths | 52 (58.4) | 128 (64.4) | |||
Sexual activity during pregnancy | Yes | 69 (77.5) | 162 (81.8) | 0.77 (0.41ā1.42) | 0.45 (0.49) |
No | 20 (22.5) | 36 (18.2) | |||
Use of contraceptive | No | 74 (83.1) | 169 (85.8) | 0.84 (0.41ā1.92) | 0.79 (0.68) |
Yes | 15 (16.9) | 28 (14.2) | |||
History of past infection | Present | 23 (30.7) | 30 (19.2) | 0.5 (0.62ā1.68) | 4.23 (0.12) |
Absent | 52 (69.3) | 126 (80.8) | |||
Number of intercourses/month | ā¤4 times | 44 (62.9) | 121 (74.2) | 1.7 (0.94ā3.10) | 3.07 (0.07) |
>4 times | 26 (37.1) | 42 (25.8) | |||