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Table 3 Factors associated with GDM: Univariate Logistic regression analysis

From: Maternal and neonatal outcomes in mothers with diabetes mellitus in Qatari population

Variables

GDM

n/N (%)

Unadjusted

Odds ratio (OR)

95% CI for OR

P-value

Mother’s Age (years)

<30

463/2658 (17.4%)

1.0 (reference)

  

≥30

797/2385 (33.4%)

2.38

2.09, 2.71

<0.0001

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Normal weight (19-24.99)

71/437 (16.2%)

1.0 (reference)

  

Overweight (25-29.99)

278/1463 (19%)

1.21

0.91, 1.61

0.192

Obese (≥30)

910/3125 (29.1%)

2.12

1.62, 2.76

<0.0001

Type of Delivery

Vaginal Delivery

751/3166 (23.7%)

1.0 (reference)

  

Cesarean Section

447/1563 (28.6%)

1.29

1.12, 1.48

<0.0001

Instrumental Delivery

62/314 (19.7%)

0.79

0.59, 1.06

0.113

Gestational Age (weeks)

<37

155/583 (26.6%)

1.0 (reference)

  

≥37

1105/4460 (24.8%)

0.91

0.75, 1.11

0.342

Gender

Male

663/2632 (25.2%)

1.0(reference)

  

Female

597/2411 (24.8%)

0.98

0.86, 1.11

0.726

Placental Weight (gm)

<650

448/1904 (23.5%)

1.0 (reference)

  

≥650

806/3122 (25.8%)

1.13

0.99, 1.29

0.069

Birth Weight (gm)

<2500

120/603 (19.9%)

1.0 (reference)

  

≥2500

1140/4438 (25.7%)

1.39

1.13, 1.72

0.002

Macrosomia

No

1200/4878 (24.6%)

1.0 (reference)

  

Yes

60/163 (36.8%)

1.79

1.29, 2.47

<0.0001

Bodyweight to Gestational Age

AGA

1061/4141 (25.6%)

1.0(reference)

  

SGA

127/744 (17.1%)

0.60

0.49, 0.73

<0.0001

LGA

72/146 (49.3%)

2.82

2.03, 3.94

<0.0001

Major Congenital Anomalies

No

1252/5005 (25%)

1.0 (reference)

  

Yes

8/38 (21.1%)

0.80

0.37, 1.75

0.575

  1. CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio; Outcome variable: non-GDM was considered as the reference group
  2. LGA Large for gestational age, AGA appropriate for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age
  3. ‘n’ is the total number of GDM cases whereas ‘N’ is the total number of participants included against each specific variable/parameter