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Table 2 Cohort’s characteristics

From: Estimation of postpartum depression risk from electronic health records using machine learning

  

Temporal validation

Geographical validation

 

Characteristic

All (%)

Train set

(01/00–04/10)

Test set

(05/10–12/17)

Train set

(E)

Test set (S,W,NI)

Holdout set

N

266,544

178,017 (68)

82,568 (32)

177,833 (68)

82,752 (32)

5959

Age

30.0 ± 5.8

30.1 ± 5.8

29.8 ± 5.8

30.3 ± 5.7

29.5 ± 5.8

30.2 ± 5.7

Ethnicity

 White

99,971 (37.5)

57,295 (32.1)

40,600 (49.2)

71,666 (40.3)

26,229 (31.7)

2076 (34.8)

 Asian

7367 (2.8)

4095 (2.3)

3214 (3.9)

6667 (3.7)

642 (0.8)

58 (1.0)

 Black

3167 (1.2)

1708 (1.0)

1441 (1.7)

2968 (1.7)

181 (0.2)

18 (0.3)

 Other

2412 (0.9)

1110 (0.6)

1276 (1.5)

1837 (1.0)

549 (0.7)

26 (0.4)

 Unknown

152,573 (57.2)

113,334 (63.7)

35,467 (43.0)

93,737 (52.7)

55,064 (66.5)

3772 (63.3)

Marital status

 Single

34,145 (12.8)

20,612 (11.6)

12,567 (15.2)

16,118 (9.1)

17,061 (20.6)

966 (16.2)

 Married

62,929 (23.6)

43,526 (24.5)

17,460 (21.1)

40,765 (22.9)

20,221 (24.4)

1943 (32.6)

 Unknown

169,470 (63.6)

113,879 (64.0)

52,541 (63.6)

120,950 (68.0)

45,470 (54.9)

3050 (51.2)

Country

 England

182,506 (68.5)

129,113 (72.5)

48,720 (59.0)

177,833 (100)

0

4673 (78.4)

 Scotland

42,113 (15.8)

23,982 (13.5)

16,984 (20.6)

0

40,966 (49.5)

1147 (19.2)

 Wales

26,565 (10.0)

15,481 (8.7)

10,963 (13.3)

0

26,444 (32.0)

121 (2.0)

 N. Ireland

15,360 (5.8)

9441 (5.3)

5901 (7.1)

0

15,342 (18.5)

18 (0.3)

Deprivation index quantile

3.03 ± 1.3

2.96 ± 1.3

3.22 ± 1.2

2.95 ± 1.3

3.24 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 1.3

Pre-pregnancy BMI

25.0 ± 5.4

24.9 ± 4.2

25.2 ± 4.9

24.9 ± 4.2

25.2 ± 4.6

25.1 ± 4.5

Cesarean section

51,151 (19.2)

30,724 (17.2)

19,195 (23.2)

31,531 (17.7)

18,388 (22.2)

1232 (20.7)

Smoking

64,778 (24.3)

44,807 (25.2)

18,482 (22.4)

41,792 (23.5)

21,497 (26.0)

1489 (25.0)

History of depression

17,384 (6.5)

12,495 (7.0)

4379 (5.3)

12,052 (6.8)

4822 (5.8)

510 (8.6)