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Table 2 Characteristics of the participating pregnancy and birth cohorts

From: Identifying women with gestational diabetes based on maternal characteristics: an analysis of four Norwegian prospective studies

Characteristics

Stork Grorudddalen

Stork Rikshospitalet

Fit for Delivery

TRIP

Total

n = 752

n = 983

n = 545

n = 701

n = 2981

Study period

2008–2010

2002–2008

2009–2013

2007–2009

 

Type of study

cohort

cohort

RCT

RCT

 

Gest. age at inclusion (weeks)

15.1 ± 3.4

15.8 ± 1.3

15.1 ± 2.6

20.2 ± 1.6

16.5 ± 3.1

Gest. age at OGTT (weeks)

28.3 ± 1.3

31.2 ± 1.0

29.6 ± 0.8

34.0 ± 2.0

30.8 ± 2.5

European ethnicity

363 (48.3)

983 (100)

541 (99.3)

701 (100)

2588 (86.8)

Current smoker

31 (5.0)

23 (2.3)

20 (3.7)

6 (0.9)

80 (2.8)

Education

primary or less

124 (16.5)

12 (1.2)

10 (1.8)

3 (0.4)

149 (5.0)

High school education

297 (39.5)

128 (13.0)

158 (29.0)

62 (8.8)

645 (21.6)

Higher education

331 (44.0)

843 (85.8)

377 (69.2)

636 (90.7)

2187 (73.4)

Primipara

345 (45.9)

524 (53.3)

545 (100)

405 (57.8)

1819 (61.0)

Diabetes in family

191 (26.1)

98 (10.5)

NM

61 (9.1)

350 (11.7)

Age (years)

 Total

29.9 ± 4.8

31.3 ± 3.8

28.0 ± 4.3

30.6 ± 4.2

30.2 ± 4.4

 Primipara

28.1 ± 4.6

30.0 ± 3.7

28.0 ± 4.3

29.2 ± 3.7

28.9 ± 4.1

 Parous

31.4 ± 4.5

32.7 ± 3.6

a

32.4 ± 4.1

32.2 ± 4.0

Prepregnant BMI (kg/m2)

24.6 ± 4.8

23.4 ± 3.7

23.6 ± 3.8

23.1 ± 3.1

23.7 ± 3.9

BMI at inclusion (kg/m2)

25.3 ± 4.8

24.5 ± 3.4

24.5 ± 3.9

24.7 ± 3.1

24.8 ± 4.0

Fasting glucose at OGTT (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 0.6

4.6 ± 0.4

4.6 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.4

4.6 ± 0.5

2-h glucose at OGTT (mmol/L)

6.2 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 1.4

6.1 ± 1.3

5.7 ± 1.2

6.1 ± 1.3

GDM, 1999WHO-criteria

97 (12.9)

124 (12.6)

57 (10.5)

42 (6.0)

320 (10.7)

GDM, 2013WHO-criteria

236 (31.4)

145 (14.8)

76 (13.9)

47 (6.7)

504 (16.9)

GDM, 2017Norway-criteria

156 (20.7)

87 (8.9)

38 (7.0)

27 (3.9)

308 (10.3)

  1. Data presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Values are imputed for pre-pregnancy weight, parity and education
  2. a Only primipara included in the study
  3. OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, WHO World Health Organization, NM not measured