Table 2 Predictors of complete continuum of maternity care in Zambia

Parity

0.223

0.408

 Three or more

1445 (51.9)

1

 Two

551(19.7)

1.04 (0.89-1.23)

 One

791 (28.4)

1.10 (0.96-1.27)

Residence

0.003

0.082

 Rural

1656 (59.4)

1

1

1

 Urban

1130 (40.6)

1.16 (0.98-1.37)

0.99(0.79-1.26)

1.05 (0.79-1.40)

Provinces

<0.001

<0.001

 Western

109 (3.9)

1

1

1

 Copperbelt

422 (15.1)

2.61 (1.81-3.75)

2.30 (1.58-3.35)

3.11 (1.85-5.23)

 Eastern

400 (14.4)

2.32 (1.62-3.34)

2.22 (1.55-3.19)

2.91 (1.79-4.74)

 Luapula

267 (9.6)

2.41 (1.59-3.67)

2.22 (1.49-3.29)

2.90 (1.74-4.82)

 Lusaka

488 (17.5)

2.25 (1.56-3.26)

1.95 (1.33-2.87)

2.81 (1.67-4.75)

 Muchinga

209 (7.5)

3.16 (2.09-4.76)

3.19 (2.17-4.69)

4.08 (2.46-6.75)

 Northern

272 (9.8)

2.69 (1.61-4.49)

2.66 (1.60-4.41)

3.63 (1.92-6.85)

 North Western

164 (5.9)

2.31 (1.62-3.31)

2.40 (1.69-3.40)

3.88 (2.29-6.57)

 Southern

264 (9.5)

1.31 (0.87-1.97)

1.25 (0.84-1.87)

1.48 (0.91-2.43)

 Central

191 (6.9)

1.44 (0.98-2.12)

1.32 (0.90-1.95)

1.86 (1.15-3.03)

Working status

0.041

0.128

 Not working

1416 (50.8)

1

1

1

 Working

1370 (49.2)

1.10 (0.97-1.26)

1.05 (0.93-1.19)

0.89 (0.74-1.06)

Marital status

0.006

0.022

 Not Married

643 (23.1)

1

1

-

 Married

2143 (76.9)

1.17 (1.02-1.33)

1.10 (0.96-1.26)

-

Education Level

<0.001

<0.001

 No Education

198 (7.1)

1

1

 Primary Education

1316 (47.2)

1.43 (1.14-1.79)

1.29 (1.01-1.64)

 Secondary Education

1091 (39.1)

1.65 (1.33-2.05)

1.21 (0.91-1.61)

 Tertiary

182 (6.5)

3.34 (2.32-4.82)

1.93 (1.09-3.42)

Wealth Index

<0.001

0.052

 Poorest

611 (21.9)

1

1

1

 Poorer

550 (19.7)

0.98 (0.83-1.16)

0.93 (0.78-1.11)

0.88 (0.71-1.10)

 Middle

515 (18.5)

1.03 (0.84-1.25)

0.97 (0.79-1.18)

0.91 (0.70-1.18)

 Richer

547 (19.6)

1.03 (0.81-1.31)

0.88 (0.65-1.19)

0.94 (0.62-1.43)

 Richest

563 (20.2)

1.40 (1.09-1.81)

0.92 (0.66-1.30)

0.79 (0.48-1.29)

Age in years

0.721

0.777

 35-49

644 (23.1)

1

 25-34

1165 (41.8)

1.03 (0.88-1.20)

 15-24

978 (35.1)

0.98 (0.85-1.14)

ANC timing

<0.001

<0.001

 First trimester

1353 (48.6)

1

1

 Second or third trimester

1429 (51.4)

0.45 (0.40-0.51)

0.46 (0.39-0.53)

Newspaper Exposure

<0.001

0.001

 No

2237 (80.3)

1

1

1

 Yes

550 (19.7)

1.43 (1.15-1.77)

1.09 (0.88-1.35)

1.10 (0.86-1.41)

Exposure to Radio

<0.001

<0.001

 No

1347 (48.3)

1

1

1

 Yes

1440 (51.7)

1.57 (1.38-1.79)

1.43 (1.23-1.68)

1.58 (1.27-1.96)

Exposure to TV

<0.001

0.002

 No

1705 (61.2)

1

1

1

 Yes

1082 (38.8)

1.29 (1.10-1.51)

0.96 (0.77-1.18)

0.92 (0.73-1.16)

Preceding Birth Interval

0.001

0.006

 Less than 24 months

263 (12.9)

1

1

 24 months and above

1778 (87.1)

1.31 (1.08-1.59)

1.23 (0.99-1.52)

Partner’s education

<0.001

<0.001

 No education

93 (4.5)

1

1

 Primary

719 (34.5)

1.37 (0.95-1.96)

1.31 (0.88-1.94)

 Secondary

1012 (48.6)

1.64 (1.17-2.29)

1.40 (0.96-2.05)

 Tertiary

258 (12.4)

3.42 (2.32-5.03)

2.58 (1.54-4.32)

Age at first sex

<0.001

0.001

 18 years and above

794 (28.5)

1

1

1

 Less than 18 years

1993 (71.5)

0.79 (0.69-0.91)

1.01 (0.85-1.19)

1.15 (0.93-1.43)

Healthcare seeking decision

<0.001

0.006

 Not involved

385 (18.0)

1

1

 Involved

1758 (82.0)

1.30 (1.08-1.58)

1.24 (0.99-1.55)

Age at first birth

<0.001

0.001

 20 years and above

978 (35.1)

1

1

1

 Less than 20 years

1808 (64.9)

0.79 (0.69-0.90)

0.92 (0.78-1.07)

0.99 (0.80-1.23)