Coverage and factors associated with mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis

Table 3 Random effect estimates of individual-, household- and community-level factors associated with SSC in Nigeria

Random-effect	Model I	Model II	Model III	Model IV	Model V
Community-level
Variance (SE)	2.68 (0.21)*	2.89 (0.22)*	2.59 (0.17)*	2.36 (0.15)*	2.50 (0.18)*
VPC	28.0%	27.9%	27.9%	26.5%	26.2%
PCV	Reference	-7.8%	3.4%	11.9	6.7%
MOR	12.91	15.76	11.79	9.48	10.88
ICC	45.4%	47.7%	44.9%	40.3%	42.5%
Household-level
Variance (SE)	2.32 (0.27)*	2.42 (0.25)*	2.22 (0.22)*	2.22 (0.21)*	2.28 (0.23)*
VPC	32.9%	33.0%	32.8%	33.6%	33.7%
PCV	Reference	-4.3%	4.3%	4.3%	1.7%
MOR	9.13	10.11	8.32	8.34	8.79
ICC	33.9%	33.5%	33.1%	35.8%	35.2%
Model fit statistics
AIC	13465.7	12157.4	13367.5	13322.9	12008.2
BIC	13489.6	12372.6	13439.4	13418.8	12343.0

Model I – empty null model, baseline model without any explanatory variables (unconditional model)
Model II – adjusted for only individual-level factors
Model III – adjusted for only household-level factors
Model IV – adjusted for only community-level factors
Model V – adjusted for individual-, household-, and community-level factors (full model)
SE Standard Error, VPC Variance Partition Coefficient, PCV Proportional Change in Variance, MOR Median Odds Ratio, ICC Intra-class correlation, AIC Akaike's Information Criterion, BIC Bayesian Information Criterion, *Significant at p<0.05

ISSN: 1471-2393