Participants, N=32 | Inadequate (n=7)Mean ± SD | Adequate (n=14)Mean ± SD | Excess (n=11)Mean ± SD | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational Weight Gain (kilograms)* | 8.5±2.01 | 13.3±1.3 | 18.8±2.3†‡ | <0.001* |
Pre-pregnancy BMI* | 21.2±1.5 | 22.0±1.7 | 23.0±1.5‡ | 0.035* |
Age (years) | 26.7±6.6 | 31.6±3.8 | 29.8±3.7 | 0.082 |
Gestation Age at Study Visit (weeks) | 34.5±2.7 | 34.5±1.7 | 34.3±1.6 | 0.977 |
Gestation Age at Delivery (weeks) | 40.6±1.2 | 39.7±1.1 | 39.3±1.2 | 0.079 |
Percent Body Fat at Study Visit (%)b* | 19.4±5.1 | 19.4±3.4 | 23.2±3.2†‡ | 0.033* |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)* | 112.4±11.2 | 116.3±13.3 | 117.8±14.6 | 0.705 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 69.1±7.8 | 70.9±13.0 | 74.3±8.0 | 0.564 |
Parityc | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.201 |
   Primiparous | 6 (86%) | 7 (50%) | 5 (55%) | |
   Multiparous | 13 (14%) | 7 (50%) | 6 (45%) | |
Ethnicityc | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.515 |
   Caucasian | 9 (100%) | 13 (93%) | 11 (100%) | |
    Hispanic | 0  (0%) | 1 (7%) | 0 (0%) | |
Educationc | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.147 |
   High School Graduate | 2 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
   Trade School | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | |
   College Graduate | 2 (29%) | 6 (43%) | 4 (36%) | |
   Post- Graduate Degree | 3 (42%) | 8 (57%) | 6 (55%) | |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 290.2±48.7 | 257.4±40.8 | 255.6±28.5 | 0.176 |
LDL (mg/dL)b | 184.2±48.5 | 145.8±39.2 | 135.5±35.2 | 0.064 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 61.1±19.4 | 76.8±22.2 | 71.4±23.3 | 0.365 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 225.2±78.3 | 173.8±50.7 | 231.5±85.4 | 0.107 |
Free Fatty Acids(meq/L) | 0.48±0.12 | 0.38±0.14 | 0.42±0.13 | 0.283 |
Insulin (uU/mL) | 9.5±4.9 | 9.3±4.6 | 8.8±3.4 | 0.943 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 77.5±7.4 | 81.7±6.1 | 80.5±8.3 | 0.496 |
HOMA-IR | 1.8±1.0 | 1.9±1.0 | 1.8±0.8 | 0.967 |