Comparative epidemiology of gestational diabetes in ethnic Chinese from Shanghai birth cohort and growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes cohort

Table 2 Associations between risk factors and GDM defined by 1999 WHO criteria in SBC and GUSTO cohort

GDM	Shanghai Birth cohort Unadjusted		GUSTO Birth Cohort Unadjusted		Shanghai Birth cohort Adjusted		GUSTO Birth Cohort Adjusted		P-value*
GDM	OR (95 % CI)	P-value	OR (95 % CI)	P-value	OR (95 % CI)	P- value	OR (95 % CI)	P- value	P-value*
Maternal age	1.08(1.03–1.14)	0.003	1.09(1.04–1.14)	< 0.001	1.1(1.0-1.2)	0.020	1.09(1.03–1.14)	0.001	1.000
Pre-pregnancy BMI	1.08(1.03–1.15)	0.005	1.11(1.05–1.17)	< 0.001	1.1(1.0-1.2)	0.028	1.1(1.0-1.2)	0.002	1.000
GWG at early pregnancy (z score)
<-1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
-1 to 1	0.96(0.52–1.78)	0.894	1.6(0.8–3.2)	0.208	1.0(0.5–2.2)	0.955	1.7(0.8–3.5)	0.175	0.189
> 1	0.97(0.44–2.13)	0.942	1.8(0.8–4.2)	0.173	0.88(0.34–2.25)	0.786	1.7(0.7-4.0)	0.258	0.211
Alcohol consumption	5.1(0.3–82.0)	0.251	0.67(0.19–2.32)	0.526	8.8(0.5-144.8)	0.128	0.73(0.20–2.64)	0.632	< 0.001
Family history of diabetes	1.6(0.8-3.0)	0.165	1.0(0.6–1.6)	0.981	1.0(0.5–2.1)	0.996	0.86(0.52–1.43)	0.566	0.755
Family history of hypertension	1.6(1.0-2.4)	0.032	0.78(0.53–1.16)	0.223	1.5(0.9–2.5)	0.092	0.67(0.43–1.04)	0.076	0.016
Current or ever smoker	1.1(0.4–3.4)	0.842	0.79(0.39–1.61)	0.515	1.6(0.4-6.0)	0.509	1.1(0.5–2.3)	0.858	0.528
Parous	1.0(0.5–1.8)	1.000	1.2(0.8–1.7)	0.470	0.74(0.34–1.61)	0.443	0.97(0.64–1.49)	0.893	0.610
Male fetus	1.1(0.7–1.7)	0.633	1.1(0.7–1.6)	0.781	1.1(0.7–1.7)	0.801	1.1(0.7–1.6)	0.744	1.000

Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG at early pregnancy (z score), alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, smoking status, parity, fetal sex
In the adjusted model, 74.4 % of SBC subjects (546 out of 734) were used, 82.9 % of GUSTO subjects (561 out of 677) were used
*P value for the difference between the two cohorts in the adjusted model

ISSN: 1471-2393