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Table 2 Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes

From: Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study

 

No vomiting

Mild-Moderate vomiting

Severe vomiting

Severe vomiting with hospitalisation

Pregnancy Outcomes

% affected

aOR

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

Gestational Diabetes

17.0

Ref

19.0

1.20 (0.83, 1.75)

21.7

1.28 (0.73, 2.23)

13.6

0.77 (0.34, 1.76)

Hypertensive Disorders

7.8

Ref

5.4

0.75 (0.42, 1.32)

5.7

0.77 (0.30, 1.99)

7.5

1.45 (0.51, 4.13)

Caesarean delivery

28.4

Ref

28.9

1.07 (0.78, 1.47)

33.3

1.33 (0.83, 2.13)

31.3

1.00 (0.53, 1.88)

Induction of labour

32.1

Ref

31.5

0.98 (0.71, 1.33)

29.3

0.93 (0.57, 1.52)

31.3

1.15 (0.62, 2.16)

Timing of delivery

Gestational age at delivery, weeks

median (IQR)

β

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

39.0 (38.0, 39.0)

Ref

39.0 (38.0, 39.0)

−0.07 (−0.27, 0.12)

38.0 (37.0, 39.0)

−0.27 (− 0.58, 0.03)

38.0 (37.0, 39.0)

− 0.51 (− 0.91, − 0.11)*

Preterm Delivery

% affected

aOR

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

 Early (< 34+ 0 weeks)

1.0

Ref

1.0

1.06 (0.27, 4.19)

0.0

–

1.5

–

 Late (34+ 0–36+ 6 weeks)

4.8

Ref

5.5

1.14 (0.59, 2.19)

12.6

3.04 (1.39, 6.68)*

9.0

2.04 (0.69, 6.07)

Neonatal Outcomes

Birthweight centiles

median (IQR)

β

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

median (IQR)

β (95% CI)

53.5 (27.9, 75.5)

Ref

53.9 (26.7, 83.1)

−0.02 (−4.28, 4.23)

54.2 (31.1, 78.5)

1.71 (−4.86, 8.29)

51.3 (22.2, 80.7)

−0.60 (−9.15, 7.94)

 

% affected

aOR

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

% affected

aOR (95%CI)

 Small-for-gestational age

11.8

Ref

9.9

0.87 (0.55, 1.35)

8.1

0.71 (0.33, 1.51)

11.9

0.77 (0.30, 1.97)

 Large-for-gestational age

10.8

Ref

17.3

1.54 (1.00, 2.37)*

13.8

1.32 (0.69, 2.52)

17.9

1.64 (0.74, 3.62)

NNU admissions (all)

4.8

Ref

3.4

0.66 (0.32, 1.34)

1.7

0.32 (0.07, 1.46)

11.9

1.29 (0.39, 4.19)

 NNU admissions (preterm, < 37+ 0 weeks)

2.2

Ref

2.1

0.57 (0.16, 1.94)

0.7

0.07 (0.008, 0.80)*

5.2

0.97 (0.10, 9.27)

 NNU admissions (term)

2.6

Ref

1.3

0.44 (0.14, 1.36)

1.0

0.35 (0.04, 3.02)

6.7

0.64 (0.07, 5.58)

  1. All β and OR adjusted for ethnicity, maternal education, maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal smoking and offspring sex in multinomial logistic or linear regression. *p < 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, IQR interquartile range, NNU neonatal unit
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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