Table 1 Percentage of women who reported any pregnancy complication during last birth in past five year preceding the survey by selected background characteristics in India, (NFHS3, 2005–06 & NFHS4, 2015–16)
Variables | NFHS-3 (2005–06) | NFHS-4 (2015–16) | p-value for change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 36,850 | 95% CI | N = 190,898 | 95% CI | ||||
Age (years) | |||||||
15–19 | 45.7 | 43.6 | 47.8 | 53.9 | 52.6 | 55.1 | 0.001 |
20–24 | 43.5 | 42.6 | 44.5 | 53.7 | 53.3 | 54.2 | 0.001 |
25–29 | 43.0 | 42.2 | 43.9 | 53.3 | 52.9 | 53.7 | 0.001 |
30–34 | 43.5 | 42.3 | 44.6 | 54.5 | 54.0 | 55.1 | 0.001 |
35 and Above | 44.6 | 43.1 | 46.1 | 53.1 | 52.5 | 53.8 | 0.001 |
Education | |||||||
No education | 44.6 | 43.8 | 45.4 | 53.5 | 53.1 | 53.9 | 0.001 |
Primary | 44.7 | 43.4 | 46.1 | 53.6 | 53.0 | 54.2 | 0.001 |
Secondary | 41.6 | 40.8 | 42.4 | 52.9 | 52.6 | 53.2 | 0.001 |
Higher | 43.3 | 41.6 | 44.9 | 56.8 | 56.1 | 57.5 | 0.001 |
Substance use | |||||||
No | 43.1 | 42.6 | 43.7 | 53.6 | 53.4 | 53.9 | 0.001 |
Yes | 47.7 | 46.4 | 49.1 | 54.3 | 53.6 | 55.0 | 0.003 |
Anaemia status | |||||||
No | 43.0 | 42.2 | 43.9 | 53.8 | 53.4 | 54.1 | 0.001 |
Yes | 44.9 | 44.2 | 45.6 | 53.7 | 53.4 | 54.0 | 0.001 |
Parity | |||||||
One | 46.1 | 45.2 | 47.1 | 56.2 | 55.8 | 56.5 | 0.001 |
Two | 40.6 | 39.7 | 41.6 | 51.6 | 51.2 | 52.0 | 0.001 |
Three | 42.1 | 40.9 | 43.3 | 52.3 | 51.7 | 52.8 | 0.001 |
Four and above | 45.3 | 44.3 | 46.3 | 54.4 | 53.8 | 54.9 | 0.001 |
BMI status | |||||||
Underweight | 43.0 | 42.1 | 44.0 | 51.8 | 51.3 | 52.3 | 0.001 |
Normal | 44.6 | 43.9 | 45.4 | 53.3 | 53.0 | 53.6 | 0.001 |
Obese | 44.5 | 42.8 | 46.2 | 56.9 | 56.3 | 57.5 | 0.001 |
Residence | |||||||
Urban | 44.6 | 40.2 | 41.8 | 53.8 | 52.9 | 53.8 | 0.001 |
Rural | 41.0 | 43.9 | 45.2 | 53.4 | 53.5 | 54.1 | 0.001 |
Religion | |||||||
Hindu | 42.4 | 41.8 | 43.0 | 53.4 | 53.1 | 53.6 | 0.001 |
Muslim | 48.5 | 47.2 | 49.8 | 54.0 | 53.5 | 54.6 | 0.001 |
Others | 46.5 | 45.1 | 47.8 | 57.2 | 56.5 | 57.8 | 0.001 |
Caste | |||||||
SC/ST | 42.8 | 41.96 | 43.7 | 53.5 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 0.001 |
Non SC/ST | 44.0 | 43.33 | 44.6 | 53.7 | 53.4 | 54.0 | 0.001 |
SLI | |||||||
Low | 45.8 | 44.9 | 46.7 | 54.8 | 54.3 | 55.2 | 0.001 |
Medium | 41.8 | 41.0 | 42.5 | 52.7 | 52.4 | 53.0 | 0.001 |
High | 42.7 | 41.4 | 43.8 | 55.7 | 55.1 | 56.2 | 0.001 |
Region | |||||||
North | 41.4 | 40.2 | 42.6 | 53.8 | 53.3 | 54.3 | 0.001 |
Central | 44.0 | 42.9 | 45.1 | 58.7 | 58.3 | 59.1 | 0.001 |
East | 52.1 | 50.8 | 53.4 | 53.3 | 52.8 | 53.8 | 0.001 |
Northeast | 46.6 | 45.4 | 47.7 | 41.1 | 40.6 | 41.7 | 0.001 |
West | 37.7 | 36.2 | 39.2 | 47.4 | 46.5 | 48.2 | 0.001 |
South | 35.8 | 34.6 | 37.1 | 54.3 | 53.6 | 54.9 | 0.001 |
Number of ANC visits | |||||||
No visit | 44.3 | 45.3 | 47.6 | 52.0 | 52.4 | 53.4 | 0.001 |
1–3 visits | 43.4 | 42.5 | 44.2 | 53.6 | 53.5 | 54.3 | 0.001 |
4 & more visits | 43.7 | 41.4 | 42.9 | 54.7 | 53.5 | 54.1 | 0.001 |
Place of delivery | |||||||
Home | 44.2 | 43.5 | 44.9 | 52.1 | 51.6 | 52.6 | 0.001 |
Institutional | 42.8 | 42.1 | 43.5 | 54.0 | 53.8 | 54.3 | 0.001 |
PNC | |||||||
No or more | 44.6 | 43.9 | 45.3 | 51.8 | 51.4 | 52.2 | 0.001 |
Within 48 h | 42.0 | 41.2 | 42.7 | 54.7 | 54.4 | 54.9 | 0.001 |
Mode of delivery | |||||||
Normal | 43.4 | 42.8 | 43.9 | 52.8 | 52.6 | 53.1 | 0.001 |
C-Section | 46.0 | 44.5 | 47.4 | 57.2 | 56.6 | 57.8 | 0.001 |
Multiple births | |||||||
Single | 43.5 | 43.0 | 44.1 | 53.6 | 53.4 | 53.8 | 0.001 |
Twin | 52.6 | 47.1 | 58.1 | 62.9 | 60.6 | 65.1 | 0.035 |
Size of child | |||||||
Large | 43.6 | 42.6 | 44.7 | 54.5 | 54.0 | 55.2 | 0.001 |
Average | 41.8 | 41.1 | 42.5 | 52.7 | 52.5 | 53.0 | 0.001 |
Small | 47.9 | 46.9 | 49.0 | 57.3 | 56.7 | 57.9 | 0.001 |
Total | 43.6 | 53.7 | 0.001 | ||||