Table 1 The pre-pregnancy and pregnancy characteristics of participants stratified by the number of pregnancies

From: Women with multiple gestations have an increased risk of development of hypertension in the future

	Singleton (n = 357,877)	Multiple gestations (n = 4,944)	P-value
Age (years)	29.95 ± 3.27	30.02 ± 3.38	< 0.01
Advanced maternal age (%)	30,899 (8.63)	685 (13.86)	< 0.01
Primiparity (%)	214,451 (59.92)	3,893 (78.74)	< 0.01
Preeclampsia (%)	5919 (1.65)	374 (7.56)	< 0.01
Atrial fibrillation (%)	176 (0.05)	3 (0.06)	0.72
Regular exercise (%)	27,520 (7.69)	420 (8.50)	0.04
Smoker (%)	9,859 (2.75)	108 (2.18)	0.01
BMI (kg/m²)	20.75 ± 5.81	20.85 ± 2.71	0.23
Obesity (%)	23,335 (6.52)	371 (7.50)	< 0.01
Systolic BP (mmHg)	110.4 ± 10.54	110.6 ± 10.77	0.08
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	69.52 ± 7.86	69.60 ± 7.94	0.50
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	85.93 ± 14.42	86.34 ± 12.87	0.04
DM (%)	3,324 (0.93)	71 (1.44)	< 0.01
TC (mg/dL)	174.0 ± 34.56	175.1 ± 35.20	0.03
High TC (%)	63,302 (17.69)	923 (18.67)	0.07
AST (mg/dL)	19.53 ± 11.38	19.89 ± 10.70	0.03
ALT (mg/dL)	15.41 ± 15.48	15.81 ± 14.27	0.07
Abnormal LFT (%)	13,531 (3.78)	205 (4.15)	0.18

Regular exercise was defined as moderate-intensity exercise performed at least 3 d/wk
Obesity by BMI; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², DM; fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL at the NHSE or a medical claim for DM as a primary or secondary diagnosis before pregnancy based on ICD-10 codes, high TC; TC ≥ 200 mg/Dl, abnormal LFT; AST ≥ 31 or ALT ≥ 31 mg/dL
Values are expressed as mean (SD) or n(%)
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, TC total cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, LFT liver function test

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