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Table 1 Summary statistics of sociodemographic correlates and home deliveries in Ghana, 2006 to 2017–18

From: Prevalence, progress, and social inequalities of home deliveries in Ghana from 2006 to 2018: insights from the multiple indicator cluster surveys

 

2006

2011

2017–18

Delivered at home

Delivered at home

Delivered at home

n (%)

NO

YES

N

NO

YES

n%

NO

YES

Total

1456 (100)

49.44

50.56

2873 (100)

68.65

31.35

3466 (100)

78.63

21.37

Age (years)

P = 0.560

  

P ≤ 0.005

  

P = 0.300

  

15–24

433 (29.73)

47.72

52.28

705 (24.53)

69.35

30.65

952 (27.47)

78.36

21.64

25–34

693 (47.60)

51.45

48.55

1436 (49.97)

71.60

28.40

1634 (47.16)

79.10

20.90

35 + 

330 (22.67)

47.45

52.55

733 (25.50)

62.18

37.35

879 (25.37)

78.03

21.97

Education

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

None or pre-primary

537 (36.87)

30.76

69.24

833 (29.00)

43.48

56.52

774 (22.34)

67.24

32.76

Primary

320 (21.98)

46.56

53.44

642 (22.34)

67.24

32.76

729 (21.02)

72.97

27.03

JHS

496 (34.05)

63.99

36.01

1007 (35.04)

80.01

19.99

1341 (38.70)

81.02

18.98

Secondary and above

103 (7.09)

85.58

14.42

391 (13.62)

95.33

4.67

622 (17.94)

94.28

5.72

Polygyny

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Never/ formerly married

165 (11.33)

59.24

40.76

293 (10.19)

75.05

24.95

592 (17.08)

77.61

22.39

In one union

1,027 (70.52)

51.36

48.64

2112 (73.52)

72.01

27.99

2331 (67.25)

81.27

18.73

Have co-wives

264 (18.14)

35.85

64.15

468 (16.29)

49.47

50.53

543 (15.66)

68.37

31.63

Wanted last-child

P = 0.060

  

P = 0.107

  

P = 0.109

  

Yes

884 (60.74)

51.34

48.66

1630 (56.74)

69.30

30.70

1711 (49.37)

79.75

20.25

Later/No More/others

572 (39.26)

46.50

53.50

1243 (43.26)

67.79

32.21

1755 (50.63)

77.53

22.47

Parity

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Primiparous

321 (22.04)

62.47

37.53

619 (21.54)

86.73

13.27

791 (22.82)

84.60

15.40

Double

301 (20.65)

55.34

44.66

527 (18.33)

72.72

27.28

660 (19.05)

81.63

18.37

Multiparous

834 (57.30)

42.30

57.70

1727 (60.13)

60.93

39.07

2015 (58.13)

75.29

24.71

ANC attendance

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

less than 4 times

389 (26.71)

25.26

74.74

384 (13.38)

32.89

67.11

519 (14.98)

51.66

48.37

4–7 times

717 (49.23)

50.75

49.25

1436 (49.98)

66.55

33.45

2031 (58.61)

80.60

19.40

8 times and more

350 (24.06)

73.58

26.42

1053 (36.64)

84.57

15.43

915 (26.41)

89.55

10.45

Previous child loss experience

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

No

1085 (74.51)

52.09

47.91

2186 (76.08)

72.07

27.93

2849 (82.20)

79.85

20.15

Yes

371 (25.49)

41.68

58.32

687 (23.92)

57.75

42.25

617 (17.80)

72.99

27.01

Health Insurance

   

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Uninsured

—

—

—

773 (26.89)

55.51

44.49

1311 (37.82)

69.11

30.89

Insured

—

—

—

2100 (73.11)

73.48

26.52

2155 (62.18)

84.41

15.59

Household wealth

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Poorest

335 (23.00)

22.88

77.12

637 (22.16)

38.92

61.08

747 (21.55)

63.17

36.83

Poorer

347 (23.86)

32.34

67.66

621 (21.61)

58.68

41.32

694 (20.03)

70.95

29.05

Middle

277 (19.04)

45.78

54.22

568 (19.79)

70.60

29.40

676 (19.51)

77.67

22.33

Richer

286 (19.61)

74.70

25.30

517 (17.98)

85.53

14.47

709 (20.45)

87.04

12.96

Richest

211 (14.50)

90.33

9.67

530 (18.46)

97.48

2.52

640 (18.46)

96.69

3.31

Urban–Rural residence

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Urban

498 (34.21)

77.76

22.24

1214 (42.25)

88.01

11.99

1464 (42.25)

90.17

9.83

Rural

958 (65.79)

34.71

65.29

1659 (57.75)

54.48

45.52

2002 (57.75)

70.18

29.82

Region

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

P ≤ 0.001

  

Western

154 (10.60)

39.41

60.59

306 (10.66)

63.15

36.85

400 (11.53)

78.98

21.02

Central

112 (7.70)

47.25

52.75

279 (9.72)

63.81

36.19

341 (9.83)

74.75

25.25

Greater Accra

177 (12.16)

83.70

16.30

451 (15.71)

89.16

10.84

332 (9.58)

93.21

6.79

Volta

103 (7.10)

43.55

58.48

214 (7.46)

64.35

35.65

285 (8.23)

68.59

31.41

Eastern

195 (13.37)

41.52

58.48

327 (11.37)

78.58

21.42

402 (11.60)

78.56

21.44

Ashanti

222 (15.22)

59.65

40.35

511 (17.78)

75.78

24.22

788 (22.73)

81.72

18.28

Brong Ahafo

115 (7.87)

57.23

42.77

258 (8.99)

62.10

37.90

330 (9.51)

86.64

13.36

Northern

278 (19.10)

34.62

65.38

321 (11.17)

38.51

61.49

388 (11.19)

58.33

41.67

Upper East

61 (4.16)

43.60

56.40

120 (4.17)

66.45

33.55

112 (3.25)

94.93

5.07

Upper West

40 (2.72)

29.08

70.92

85 (2.97)

62.13

37.87

88 (2.55)

80.77

19.23