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Table 2 Characteristics of women with gestational diabetes mellitus stratified by GWG according to IOM guidelines

From: Association between gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristic

Within (n = 560)

(34.9%)

Below (n = 545)

(33.9%)

Above (n = 501)

(31.2%)

P value

Maternal age

32.75 ± 4.83

33.21 ± 4.36

31.86 ± 4.58

 < 0.001

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

22.72 ± 3.11

22.48 ± 2.62

23.68 ± 3.41

 < 0.001

BMI category [n (%)]

   

 < 0.001

 Underweight (< 18.5)

68(12.1)

60(11.0)

37(7.4)

 

 Normal weight (18.5–24.9)

414(73.9)

445(81.7)

338(67.5)

 

 Overweight (25–29.9)

71(12.7)

37(6.8)

108(21.6)

 

 Obese (≥ 30)

7(1.3)

3(0.6)

18(3.6)

 

Maternal education [n (%)]a

   

0.002

 Low

2(0.4)

2(0.4)

6(1.2)

 

 Medium

100(17.9)

76(13.9)

112(22.4)

 

 High

458(81.8)

467(85.7)

383(76.4)

 

Caesarean history [n (%)]

105(18.8)

90(16.5)

96(19.2)

0.481

Parity [n (%)]

   

0.869

 Primiparous

330(58.9)

327(60.0)

303(60.5)

 

 Multiparous

230(41.1)

218(40.0)

198(39.5)

 

IVF [n (%)]

51(9.1)

55(10.1)

54(10.8)

0.657

Mode of delivery [n (%)]

   

 < 0.001

 Vaginal

325(58.0)

346(63.5)

254(50.7)

 

 Cesarean

235(42.0)

199(36.5)

247(49.3)

 

Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD)

38.16 ± 2.00

37.49 ± 2.46

38.61 ± 1.68

 < 0.001

FPG on OGTT (mmol/L)

5.03 ± 0.95

5.53 ± 0.78

5.62 ± 0.89

 < 0.001

2-h blood glucose on OGTT (mmol/L)

8.83 ± 1.71

8.72 ± 1.65

8.49 ± 1.58

 < 0.001

  1. IOM Institute of Medicine, GWG gestational weight gain, BMI Body Mass Index, IVF in-vitro fertilization, SD standard deviation, FPG fasting blood glucose, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test; a Low, primary school or less; Medium, middle and high school graduate; High, College or above