Table 1 Characteristics of 78 included cohort studies. S = Singleton pregnancy, M = Multiple pregnancy
First author, Publication year, Country | Type of cohort | Years of the cohort | Matching factors | Comparison groups | Pregnancies conceived by IVF/ICSI (n) | Spontaneous pregnancies (n) | NOS Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agarwal, 2005, Singapore [24] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1998–1999 | Maternal age, sex, date of delivery, race, plurality and parity | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 41 (M) 35 | (S) 147 (M)114 | 7 |
Ai, 2005, China [25] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1998–2004 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 47 | (M) 98 | 6 |
Apantaku, 2008, UK [26] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1999–2004 | Maternal age, parity | IVF/ICSI | (S) 88 | (S) 88 | 8 |
Aydin, 2016, Turkey [27] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2007–2010 | Maternal age | IVF/ICSI | (M)137 | (M) 133 | 8 |
Barda, 2017, Israel [28] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2009–2015 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 449 | (M) 259 | 6 |
Barua, 2016, Australia [29] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2007–2010 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 470 | (S) 48654 | 6 |
Beltran Anzola, 2019, France [30] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–2015 | Maternal age, exact year of birth, parity, sex | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S) 2327 | (S) 6981 | 7 |
Bensdorp, 2016, Netherlands [31] (a) | Population-based Retrospective | 2000–2012 | Zygosity, parity, socioeconomic status, conception method | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (M) 2437 | (M) 3276 | 7 |
Beyer, 2016, Germany [32] | Hospital-based Retrospective | N/A (13-year period) | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S) 467 | (S) 6417 | 6 |
Carbone, 2011, UK [33] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2006–2009 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 426 | (S) 26538 | 7 |
Caserta, 2008, Italy [34] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2004–2006 | Parity, age, height, weight, ethnic origin, smoking, history of infertility | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 364 | (S) 304 | 3 |
Caserta, 2014, Italy [35] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2007–2011 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 138 | (M) 207 | 7 |
Choi, 2006, Korea [36] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1994–2003 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 190 | (M) 347 | 6 |
Daniel, 2000, Israel [37] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1996–1997 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 104 | (M) 121 | 7 |
Dayan, 2015, Canada [38] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2001–2008 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 326 | (S) 9175 | 7 |
Dayan, 2016, Canada [39] | Population-based Retrospective | 2006–2012 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 5371 | (S) 795997 | 7 |
Dayan, 2018, Canada [40] | Population-based Retrospective | 2013–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 1596 | (S) 112813 | 6 |
Deltombe-Bodart, 2017, France [41] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1997–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (M) 360 | (M) 986 | 6 |
Dior, 2018, Israel [42] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–2012 | No | Oocyte Donation | (S) 135 | (S) 270 | 7 |
Elenis, 2015, Sweden [43] | Population-based Retrospective | 2005–2008 | Age | IVF/ICSI, Oocyte Donation | (S) 139 | (M) 150 | 7 |
Ernstad, 2019, Sweden [44] | Population-based Retrospective | 2005–2015 | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 34091 | (S) 1127566 | 6 |
Fan, 2013, China [45] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2010–2013 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (M) 162 | (M) 213 | 7 |
Farhi, 2013, Israel [46] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2006–2008 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 509 | (S) 587 | 5 |
Geipel, 2001, Germany [47] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–1999 | Maternal age, parity, plurality | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 114 (M) 32 | (S) 114 (M) 32 | 8 |
Gocmen, 2015, Turkey [48] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2011–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 19 | (M) 65 | 8 |
Gojnic, 2005, Serbia [49] | N/A | N/A | Age, education, parity | IVF/ICSI | (M) 120 | (M) 120 | 2 |
Hessami, 2020, Iran [50] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2013–2018 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 202 | (M) 449 | 6 |
Howe, 1990, US [51] | Hospital-based Retrospective | N/A (first 100 clinical pregnancies conceived in the IVF program) | Age, race, parity, pre-existing medical problem, DES exposure, insurance status | IVF/ICSI | (S)54 | (S)54 | 7 |
Jancar, 2018, Slovenia [52] | Population-based Retrospective | 2002–2015 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 5837 | (S) 261881 | 7 |
Jeve, 2016, UK [53] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2007–2014 | Age | IVF/ICSI, Oocyte donation | (S) 90 | (S) 45 | 8 |
Katalinic, 2004, Germany [54] | Hospital-based Prospective | 1998–2000; 1993–2001 (control) | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 2055 (M) 632 | (S) 7861 (M) 77 | 6 |
Koivurova, 2002, Finland [55] | Population-based Retrospective | 1990–1995 | Sex of the child, birth year, area of residence, parity, maternal age, social class (defined by occupation) | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 153 (M) 62 | (S) 580 (M) 82 | 7 |
Korosec, 2016, Slovenia [56] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2004–2011 | Age, parity, hospital | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S)1127 | (S) 3381 | 7 |
Kouhkan, 2018, Iran [57] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2014–2017 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 260 | (S) 314 | 7 |
Kuivasaari- Pirinen, 2012, Finland [58] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1996–2007 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 255 | (S) 26870 | 7 |
Lee, 2015, US [59] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2007–2009 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 108 | (S) 2284 | 7 |
Lei, 2019, China [60] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2013–2015 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 1453 (M) 803 | (S) 6667 (M) 101 | 6 |
Li, 2015, China [61] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2009–2011 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 108 | (M) 144 | 6 |
Luke, 2019, US [62] | Population-based Retrospective | 2004–2013 (depending on states) | No | IVF/ICSI, Oocyte donation | (M) 58,920 | (M) 34,033 | 7 |
Luke, 2020, US [63] | Population-based Retrospective | 2004–2013 (depending on states) | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer, Oocyte donation | (S) 83582 | (S) 1382311 | 6 |
Malchau, 2013, Denmark [64] | Population-based Retrospective | 1995–2010 | Date and year of birth | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone, Oocyte donation | (S) 15741 (M) 8564 | (S) 31010 (M) 25,012 | 7 |
Martinez-Varea, 2015, Spain [65] | Hospital-based Prospective | N/A | No | IVF/ICSI, Oocyte donation | (S) 50 | (S) 25 | 6 |
Meyer, 2020, Israel [66] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2011–2018 | Age | Oocyte donation | (S) 159 | (S) 73 | 7 |
Mohammed, 2012, Qatar [67] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2002–2011 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 145 | (M) 175 | 7 |
Moini, 2012, Iran [68] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2008–2010 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (M) 230 | (M) 170 | 6 |
Nagata, 2019, Japan [69] | Population-based Retrospective | 2011–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI, ICSI alone | (S) 2993 (M) 129 | (S) 88873 (M) 625 | 7 |
Nassar, 2003, Lebanon [70] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–2000 | Age, parity | IVF/ICSI | (M) 56 | (M) 112 | 9 |
Nejdet, 2016, Sweden [71] | Population-based Retrospective | 2003–2012 | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer, Oocyte donation | (S) 27084 | (S) 999804 | 7 |
Ochsenkuehn, 2003, Germany [72] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1991–1996 | Maternal age, gestational age, parity | IVF/ICSI | (S) 163 (M) 65 | (S) 322 (M) 78 | 8 |
Okby, 2018, Israel [73] | Population-based Retrospective | 1988–2010 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 465 | (M) 3053 | 8 |
Olivennes, 1993, France [74] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1987–1989 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 162 | (S) 5096 | 6 |
Opdahl, 2015, Sweden, Denmark, Norway [75] | Population-based Retrospective | 1988–2007 | Parity, birth year | IVF/ICSI | (S) 47088 (M) 10,918 | (S) 268599 (M) 46,674 | 9 |
Poikkeus, 2007, Finland [76] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1997–2003 | Year, place of residence | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 499 | (S) 15037 | 7 |
Qin, 2017, China [77] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2013–2016 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 1260 | (S) 2480 | 6 |
Raisanen, 2013, Finland [78] | Population-based Retrospective | 2006–2010 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 5647 | (S) 285357 | 7 |
Reismullerova, 2015, Slovakia [79] | Hospital-based Retrospective | N/A | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 526 | (S) 15874 | 7 |
Reubinoff, 1997, Israel [80] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1983–1993 | Maternal ethnic origin, age, parity, location and date of delivery | IVF/ICSI | (S) 260 | (S) 260 | 7 |
Rizzo, 2016, Italy [81] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2007–2014 | Maternal age | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S) 266 | (S) 266 | 9 |
Hospital-based Prospective | 2007–2014 | Maternal age | IVF/ICSI, Oocyte donation | (S) 109 | (S) 498 | 9 | |
Sazonova, 2012, Sweden [83] | Population-based Retrospective | 2002–2006 | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S) 11292 | (S) 571914 | 7 |
Shi, 2018, China [84] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2013–2016 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 850 | (M) 250 | 5 |
Shiloh, 2019, Israel [85] | Population-based Retrospective | 1991–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 2603 | (S) 237863 | 6 |
Silberstein, 2014, Israel [86] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1988–2006 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 1294 | (S) 171513 | 6 |
Stojnic, 2013, Serbia [87] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2006–2010 | Maternal age, parity, education, time and place of delivery, BMI | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 634 | (S)634 | 7 |
Sun, 2009, Canada [88] | Population-based Retrospective | 2004–2007 | Maternal age, parity | IVF/ICSI | (S) 870 | (S) 3433 | 9 |
Sun, 2016, China [89] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2010–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 411 | (M) 742 | 7 |
Suzuki, 2010, Japan [90] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2000–2007 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 64 | (M) 76 | 6 |
Szymusik, 2012, Poland [91] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2005–2009 | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (M) 43 | (M)83 | 4 |
Szymusik, 2018, Poland [92] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2013–2016 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 183 | (S) 368 | 4 |
Tan, 1992, UK [93] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1978–1987 | Maternal age | IVF/ICSI | (S) 494 (M) 125 | (S) 978 (M) 21 | 6 |
Tandberg, 2015, Norway [94] | Population-based Retrospective | 1988–2009 | Parity | IVF/ICSI | (S) 12440 | (S) 1097084 | 8 |
Tomic, 2011, Croatia [95] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2006–2009 | Ethnicity, age, gravidity, smoking habits, BMI, weight gain in pregnancy, site and time of delivery | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 283 | (S) 283 | 7 |
Valenzuela-Alcaraz, 2013, Spain [96] | Hospital-based Prospective | N/A | Age | IVF/ICSI | (S) 100 | (S) 100 | 6 |
Valenzuela-Alcaraz, 2018, Spain [97] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2014–2016 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 50 | (M) 50 | 7 |
Vasario, 2012, Italy [98] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2004–2008 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 84 | (M) 139 | 6 |
Von Versen-Hoynck, 2019, US [99] | Hospital-based Prospective | 2011–2017 | No | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer, Frozen embryo transfer | (S) 367 | (S)143 | 5 |
Watanabe, 2014, Japan [100] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2009–2011 | Closest propensity score (accounting for 27 maternal and paternal variables) | IVF/ICSI | (S) 474 | (S) 474 | 9 |
Wennberg, 2016, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway [101] | Population-based Retrospective | 1982–2007 | Parity, year and month of birth | IVF/ICSI, Fresh embryo transfer | (S) 39919 | (S) 260166 | 7 |
Wu, 2010, China [102] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2006–2008 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 204 | (M) 255 | 4 |
Xu, 2005, China [103] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2001–2003 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 41 | (M) 44 | 4 |
Yang, 2011, Korea [104] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–2008 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 67 | (M) 143 | 7 |
Yang, 2014, China [105] | Population-based Retrospective | 2011 | No | IVF/ICSI | (S) 825 (M) 314 | (S) 109971 (M) 1473 | 6 |
Zadori, 2003, Hungary [106] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 1995–2002 | Maternal age, parity, gravidity, previous obstetrics outcomes | IVF/ICSI | (S) 185 (M) 36 | (S) 185 (M) 36 | 6 |
Zhang, 2015, China [107] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2010–2014 | No | IVF/ICSI | (M) 53 | (M) 128 | 6 |
Zhu, 2016, China [108] | Hospital-based Retrospective | 2006–2014 | Maternal age, birth year | IVF/ICSI | (S) 1659 (M) 982 | (S) 5193 (M) 89 | 9 |