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Table 2 Descriptive statistics (mean values and in parentheses standard deviations) of the variables that were measured during the music intervention session (pre and post)

From: The influence of maternal singing on well-being, postpartum depression and bonding – a randomised, controlled trial

 

Pre intervention

Post intervention

p – valueA

n

SAM valence

1.85 (0.58)

1.61 (0.50)

.002

51

SAM arousal

4.38 (0.77)

4.90 (0.55)

< .001

50

SAM dominance

4.30 (0.75)

4.49 (0.68)

.008

53

VAS perceived closeness to the baby

8.85 (1.08)

9.26 (0.73)

.001

52

VAS comfort with maternal role

7.73 (1.27)

8.71 (1.07)

< .001

49

Saliva Cortisol (nmol/l)

3.55 (1.71)

3.01 (1.54)

.023

50

  1. Note. A = t-tests for dependent samples for the comparison between pre and post intervention. SAM: Self-Assessment Manikin; VAS: visual analogue scale; n = participants included in each analysis