Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants (N = 3719)

Maternal characteristics (n = 3720)

Maternal age in years (Mean ± SD)

24.26 ± 4.08

Gestational age at recruitment in weeks (Mean ± SD)

23.5 ± 6.01

Education

Primary School and below

337(9.00 %)

Middle School and above

3382 (91.00 %)

Gravida

Primigravida

1467(39.40 %)

Multigravida

2252(60.60 %)

Parity

Nulliparous

1667(44.80 %)

Primiparous

1677(45.10 %)

Multiparous

375(10.10 %)

Current gestational diabetes status during the assessment

Yes

417(11.10 %)

No

3302(88.80 %)

Anthropometry measurements

Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD)

58.95 ± 11.72

Height (cm) (Mean ± SD)

153.9 ± 5.72

Mid-upper arm circumference(cm) (Mean ± SD)

26.0 ± 3.87

Biceps skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

10.63 ± 4.90

Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

19.56 ± 5.98

Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

17.26 ± 6.00

Sum of skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

47.45 ± 14.8

Delivery outcomes ( n  = 2432)

Gestational age at delivery in weeks (Mean ± SD)

38.6 ± 1.6

Delivery type

Vaginal delivery

1341(55.10 %)

Caesarean delivery

1092(44.90 %)

Infant characteristics (n = 2432)

Sex

Male

1257(51.70 %)

Female

1175(48.30 %)

Age at assessment in days (Mean ± SD)

12.1 ± 19.3

Anthropometry measurements

Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD)

3.07 ± 0.736

Length (cm) (Mean ± SD)

49.55 ± 3.88

Crown-rump length (cm) (Mean ± SD)

32.59 ± 3.21

Head circumference (cm) (Mean ± SD)

33.76 ± 2.16

Chest circumference (cm) (Mean ± SD)

32.33 ± 2.81

Waist circumference (cm) (Mean ± SD)

30.75 ± 3.72

Hip circumference (cm) (Mean ± SD)

29.16 ± 3.72

Mid-upper arm circumference(cm) (Mean ± SD)

9.89 ± 1.22

Biceps skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

4.05 ± 1.17

Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

5.19 ± 1.48

Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

4.97 ± 1.38

Sum of skinfold thickness (mm) (Mean ± SD)

14.20 ± 3.69