Table 4 Hygiene risk categories prior to all flows combined by provider type, facility type and work shift
|  | n | Adequate | Inadequate | Aseptic Technique Invalidated | Somers’ D clustered by facility; p-value (Confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flow type | |||||
 Labour | 95 | 21 (22%) | 52 (55%) | 22 (23%) | Ref |
 Delivery | 102 | 19 (17%) | 36 (35%) | 47 (46%) | 0.25; p = 0.00 (0.15 – 0.35) |
 Newborn aftercare | 54 | 4 (7.4%) | 11 (20.4%) | 39 (72%) | 0.46; p = 0.00 (0.34 – 0.59) |
 All flows | 251 | 44 (18%) | 99 (39%) | 108 (43%) |  |
Provider type | |||||
 Sec. Midwife | 145 | 27 (19%) | 54 (37%) | 64 (44%) | Ref |
 Primary Midwife | 93 | 15 (16%) | 39 (42%) | 39 (42%) | -0.05; p = 0.8 (-0.34 – 0.25) |
 Intern | 3 | 1 (33%) | 1 (33%) | 1 (33%) | 0.02; p = 0.14 (-0.01 – 0.04) |
 Doctor + Nurse | 5 | 0 (0%) | 3 (60%) | 2 (40%) | -0.05; p = 0.206 (-0.12 – 0.03) |
Facility type | |||||
 Primary Health Centre | 137 | 17 (13%) | 58 (42%) | 62 (45%) | Ref |
 Referral Hospital | 110 | 26 (24%) | 39 (35%) | 45 (41%) | 0.24; p = 0.20 (-0.12 – 0.60) |
Shift | |||||
 Morning | 109 | 24 (22%) | 35 (32%) | 50 (46%) | Ref |
 Afternoon | 49 | 10 (20%) | 18 (37%) | 21 (43%) | -0.03; p = 0.59 (-0.16 –0.09) |
 Overnight | 89 | 9 (10%) | 44 (49%) | 36 (41%) | -0.25; p = 0.03 (-0.47 – -0.02) |