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Table 5 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with PMTCT option B+ services utilization among women in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016

From: A multilevel analysis of determinants of PMTCT service utilisation among women during the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period in Ethiopia

Variables

PMTCT option B+

COR (95%CI)

Model 1

AOR (95% CI)

Model 2

AOR (95% CI)

Model 3

(AOR (95%CI)

Utilized

n (%)

Not utilized

n (%)

Educational status

 No education

285 (11.8)

2132 (88.2)

1

1

1.79 (1.40–2.29)

1.65 (1.14–2.39)

2.78 (1.70–4.54)

 

1

 Primary

340 (29.9)

798 (70.1)

2.77 (2.21–3.47)

 

1.65 (1.27–2.13) *

 Secondary

150 (43.2)

197 (56.8)

4.37 (3.14–6.08)

 

1.52 (1.03–2.24) *

 Higher

120 (67.0)

59 (33.0)

12.48 (7.95–19.60)

 

2.48 (1.45–4.22) *

Wealth status

 Poorest

95 (6.6)

1337 (93.4)

1

1

1.62 (1.14–2.32)

2.17 (1.51–3.11)

3.28 (2.28–4.71)

8.52 (5.97–12.17)

 

1

 Poorer

94 (13.8)

589 (86.2)

2.01 (1.41–2.86)

 

1.62 (1.12–2.37) *

 Middle

99 (17.5)

468 (82.5)

2.93 (2.05–4.21)

 

1.82 (1.10–3.02) *

 Richer

126 (24.6)

386 (75.4)

5.30 (3.70–7.59)

 

2.44 (1.42–4.21) *

 Richest

481 (54.2)

406 (45.8)

21.22 (15.18–29.65)

 

4.45 (2.43–8.14) *

Religion

 Muslim

302 (14.8)

1739 (85.2)

1

1

1.80 (1.37–2.36)

1.04 (0.74–1.45)

0.91 (0.39–2.11)

 

1

 Orthodox

447 (36.5)

779 (63.5)

3.21 (2.34–4.40)

 

1.62 (1.22–2.16) *

 Protestant

135 (18.9)

580 (81.1)

1.84 (1.24–2.71)

 

0.98 (0.69–1.38)

 Others

11 (11.1)

88 (88.9)

0.99 (0.42–2.32)

 

0.89 (0.38–2.09)

Occupation

 No work

482 (19.2)

2028 (80.8)

1

1

1.04 (0.77–1.40)

1.05 (0.79–1.41)

0.94 (0.61–1.44)

0.86 (0.48–1.54)

 

1

 Professional

193 (38.0)

315 (62.0)

1.96 (1.48–2.61)

 

1.06 (0.77–1.45)

 Agricultural

131 (17.8)

605 (82.2)

0.87 (0.65–1.18)

 

1.08 (0.81–1.46)

 Daily labour

58 (27.1)

156 (72.9)

1.29 (0.84–1.98)

 

0.98 (0.62–1.57)

 Others

31 (27.4)

82 (72.6)

1.04 (0.59–1.82)

 

0.93 (0.50–1.75)

Age at first birth (n years)

< 18

250 (17.2)

1200 (82.8)

1

1

1.05 (0.84–1.31)

1.09 (0.75–1.60)

 

1

 18–24

507 (22.3)

1763 (77.7)

1.23 (0.99–1.53)

 

1.03 (0.82–1.30)

 25+

138 (38.2)

223 (61.8)

1.83 (1.28–2.62)

 

0.90 (0.59–1.37)

Parity

 Primipara

274 (31.1)

607 (68.9)

1

1

1.01 (0.78–1.30)

1.08 (0.76–1.55)

 

1

 Multipara

492 (22.4)

1700 (77.6)

0.72 (0.57–0.90)

 

1.00 (0.77–1.31)

 Grand multipara

129 (12.8)

879 (87.2)

0.54 (0.40–0.73)

 

1.10 (0.75–1.60)

Desired child

 Wants

615 (21.9)

2188 (78.1)

1

1

0.61 (0.37–1.01)

1.04 (0.82–1.33)

 

1

 Undecided

34 (16.4)

173 (83.6)

0.62 (0.38–1.02)

 

0.59 (0.35–1.01)

 Wants no more

246 (23.0)

825 (77.0)

0.89 (0.71–1.11)

 

1.01 (0.78–1.31)

Wanted pregnancy when became pregnant

 Then

725 (21.9)

2587 (78.1)

1

1

0.99 (0.75–1.30)

0.66 (0.41–1.07)

 

1

 Later

133 (24.4)

412 (75.6)

0.98 (0.74–1.29)

 

1.03 (0.77–1.38)

 No more

37 (16.5)

187 (83.4)

0.55 (0.34–0.88)

 

0.67 (0.39–1.14)

Knowledge of prevention method

 No

324 (12.8)

2199 (87.2)

1

1

1.70 (1.38–2.10)

 

1

 Yes

571 (36.6)

987 (63.4)

3.29 (2.68–4.03)

 

1.66 (1.34–2.06) *

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV

 No

500 (15.8)

2668 (84.2)

1

1

1.74 (1.40–2.17)

 

1

 Yes

395 (43.3)

518 (56.7)

3.18 (2.55–3.95)

 

1.73 (1.38–2.18) *

Knowledge on PMTCT

 No

217 (11.1)

1732 (88.9)

1

1

2.66 (2.14–3.29)

 

1

 Yes

678 (31.8)

1454 (68.2)

3.73 (3.01–4.63)

 

2.69 (2.16–3.36) *

Residence

 Urban

430 (51.7)

402 (48.3)

1

 

1

1

 Rural

465 (14.3)

2784 (85.7)

0.08 (0.06–0.11)

0.13 (0.09–0.19)

0.52 (0.32–0.85) *

Community wealth status

 Poor

265 (11.9)

1970 (88.1)

1

 

1

1

 Middle

187 (27.0)

505 (73.0)

2.29 (1.73–3.02)

2.08 (1.57–2.74)

1.25 (0.86–1.82)

 Rich

443 (38.4)

711 (61.6)

4.49 (3.48–5.79)

3.73 (2.89–4.81)

1.38 (0.90–2.12)

Exposure to media

 No

740 (19.3)

3100 (80.7)

1

 

1

1

 Yes

155 (64.3)

86 (35.7)

4.79 (3.23–7.11)

1.72 (1.15–2.57)

1.37 (0.91–2.06)

Women empowerment

 Not empowered

445 (17.0)

2181 (83.0)

1

 

1

1

 Empowered

401 (31.9)

855 (68.1)

1.70 (1.37–2.13)

1.17 (0.94–1.47)

1.10 (0.87–1.38)

Distance to the nearest facility

 Far

317 (14.4)

1890 (85.6)

1

 

1

1

 Not far

578 (30.8)

1296 (69.2)

1.81 (1.44–2.26)

1.25 (0.99–1.57)

1.09 (0.86–1.37)

  1. *statistically significant at p-value < 0.05
  2. AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, COR Crude Odds Ratio, ICC Intra-class Correlation Coefficient, PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, Model 1: adjusted for individual-level characteristics, Model 2: adjusted for community-level characteristics, Model 3: adjusted for both individual and community-level characteristics (full model)