From: Prevalence of neonatal near miss and associated factors in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Variables | Neonatal Near Miss (n = 79) | non-Neonatal Near Miss (n = 921) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | n | (%) | Mean | SD | n | (%) | |
Socio-demographic | ||||||||
 Mother’s age (year)a | 21 | (20, 24) |  |  | 22 | (20, 25) |  |  |
 Age of marriage (year) | 18.91 | 2.43 |  |  | 19.27 | 2.59 |  |  |
 Duration of marriage (year)a | 2 | (1, 4) |  |  | 2 | (1, 6) |  |  |
 Ethnicity | ||||||||
  Muslim |  |  | 16 | (20.3) |  |  | 86 | (9.3) |
  Terai/Madhesi |  |  | 28 | (35.4) |  |  | 381 | (41.4) |
  Dalits |  |  | 16 | (20.3) |  |  | 163 | (17.7) |
  Janajati |  |  | 15 | (19.0) |  |  | 200 | (21.7) |
  Brahmin/Chettri/Newar |  |  | 4 | (5.1) |  |  | 91 | (9.9) |
 Place of residence | ||||||||
  Urban municipality |  |  | 48 | (60.8) |  |  | 596 | (64.7) |
  Rural municipality |  |  | 31 | (39.2) |  |  | 325 | (35.3) |
 Wealth quintile | ||||||||
  Lowest |  |  | 7 | (8.9) |  |  | 46 | (5.0) |
  Fourth |  |  | 14 | (17.7) |  |  | 82 | (8.9) |
  Middle |  |  | 25 | (31.6) |  |  | 337 | (36.6) |
  Second |  |  | 20 | (25.3) |  |  | 237 | (25.7) |
  Highest |  |  | 13 | (16.5) |  |  | 219 | (23.8) |
 Mother’s education | ||||||||
  None |  |  | 15 | (19.0) |  |  | 106 | (11.5) |
  Primary |  |  | 21 | (26.6) |  |  | 187 | (20.3) |
  Secondary |  |  | 39 | (49.4) |  |  | 494 | (53.6) |
  Tertiary |  |  | 4 | (5.1) |  |  | 134 | (14.5) |
 Father’s education | ||||||||
  None |  |  | 14 | (17.7) |  |  | 103 | (11.2) |
  Primary |  |  | 19 | (24.1) |  |  | 133 | (14.4) |
  Secondary |  |  | 38 | (48.1) |  |  | 512 | (55.6) |
  Tertiary |  |  | 8 | (10.1) |  |  | 173 | (18.8) |
 Mother’s occupation | ||||||||
  Housewife |  |  | 75 | (94.9) |  |  | 866 | (94.0) |
  Others |  |  | 4 | (5.1) |  |  | 55 | (6.0) |
 Father’s occupation | ||||||||
  Unskilled manual |  |  | 53 | (67.1) |  |  | 528 | (57.3) |
  Sales and services |  |  | 18 | (22.8) |  |  | 276 | (30.0) |
  Others |  |  | 8 | (10.1) |  |  | 117 | (12.7) |
 Father’s smoking status | ||||||||
  Yes |  |  | 16 | (20.5) |  |  | 238 | (25.8) |
  No |  |  | 63 | (79.7) |  |  | 683 | (74.2) |
 Sex of newborn | ||||||||
  Girl |  |  | 37 | (46.8) |  |  | 459 | (49.8) |
  Boy |  |  | 42 | (53.2) |  |  | 462 | (50.2) |
Maternal | ||||||||
 Parity | ||||||||
  Nulliparous |  |  | 51 | (64.6) |  |  | 484 | (52.6) |
  Multiparous |  |  | 28 | (35.4) |  |  | 437 | (47.4) |
 Mode of birth | ||||||||
  Vaginal birth |  |  | 72 | (91.1) |  |  | 762 | (82.7) |
  Caesarean section |  |  | 7 | (8.9) |  |  | 159 | (17.3) |
 Pre-pregnancy BMIb | ||||||||
  Normal |  |  | 59 | (74.7) |  |  | 690 | (74.9) |
  Underweight |  |  | 15 | (19.0) |  |  | 160 | (17.4) |
  Overweight and obese |  |  | 5 | (6.3) |  |  | 71 | (7.7) |
 Number of ANCc | ||||||||
     ≤ 3 visits |  |  | 35 | (44.3) |  |  | 583 | (63.3) |
      ≥ 4 visits |  |  | 44 | (55.7) |  |  | 338 | (36.7) |
 SMMd | ||||||||
  Present |  |  | 10 | (12.7) |  |  | 35 | (3.8) |
  Absent |  |  | 69 | (87.3) |  |  | 886 | (96.2) |
 Obstetric haemorrhage | ||||||||
  Present |  |  | 2 | (2.5) |  |  | 16 | (1.7) |
  Absent |  |  | 77 | (97.5) |  |  | 905 | (98.3) |
 Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy | ||||||||
  Present |  |  | 6 | (7.6) |  |  | 12 | (1.3) |
  Absent |  |  | 73 | (92.4) |  |  | 909 | (98.7) |
 Severe management indicators | ||||||||
  Present |  |  | 2 | (2.5) |  |  | 16 | (1.7) |
  Absent |  |  | 77 | (97.5) |  |  | 905 | (98.3) |