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Table 2 Socio-demographic and maternal characteristics based on NNM status

From: Prevalence of neonatal near miss and associated factors in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Neonatal Near Miss (n = 79)

non-Neonatal Near Miss (n = 921)

Mean

SD

n

(%)

Mean

SD

n

(%)

Socio-demographic

 Mother’s age (year)a

21

(20, 24)

  

22

(20, 25)

  

 Age of marriage (year)

18.91

2.43

  

19.27

2.59

  

 Duration of marriage (year)a

2

(1, 4)

  

2

(1, 6)

  

 Ethnicity

  Muslim

  

16

(20.3)

  

86

(9.3)

  Terai/Madhesi

  

28

(35.4)

  

381

(41.4)

  Dalits

  

16

(20.3)

  

163

(17.7)

  Janajati

  

15

(19.0)

  

200

(21.7)

  Brahmin/Chettri/Newar

  

4

(5.1)

  

91

(9.9)

 Place of residence

  Urban municipality

  

48

(60.8)

  

596

(64.7)

  Rural municipality

  

31

(39.2)

  

325

(35.3)

 Wealth quintile

  Lowest

  

7

(8.9)

  

46

(5.0)

  Fourth

  

14

(17.7)

  

82

(8.9)

  Middle

  

25

(31.6)

  

337

(36.6)

  Second

  

20

(25.3)

  

237

(25.7)

  Highest

  

13

(16.5)

  

219

(23.8)

 Mother’s education

  None

  

15

(19.0)

  

106

(11.5)

  Primary

  

21

(26.6)

  

187

(20.3)

  Secondary

  

39

(49.4)

  

494

(53.6)

  Tertiary

  

4

(5.1)

  

134

(14.5)

 Father’s education

  None

  

14

(17.7)

  

103

(11.2)

  Primary

  

19

(24.1)

  

133

(14.4)

  Secondary

  

38

(48.1)

  

512

(55.6)

  Tertiary

  

8

(10.1)

  

173

(18.8)

 Mother’s occupation

  Housewife

  

75

(94.9)

  

866

(94.0)

  Others

  

4

(5.1)

  

55

(6.0)

 Father’s occupation

  Unskilled manual

  

53

(67.1)

  

528

(57.3)

  Sales and services

  

18

(22.8)

  

276

(30.0)

  Others

  

8

(10.1)

  

117

(12.7)

 Father’s smoking status

  Yes

  

16

(20.5)

  

238

(25.8)

  No

  

63

(79.7)

  

683

(74.2)

 Sex of newborn

  Girl

  

37

(46.8)

  

459

(49.8)

  Boy

  

42

(53.2)

  

462

(50.2)

Maternal

 Parity

  Nulliparous

  

51

(64.6)

  

484

(52.6)

  Multiparous

  

28

(35.4)

  

437

(47.4)

 Mode of birth

  Vaginal birth

  

72

(91.1)

  

762

(82.7)

  Caesarean section

  

7

(8.9)

  

159

(17.3)

 Pre-pregnancy BMIb

  Normal

  

59

(74.7)

  

690

(74.9)

  Underweight

  

15

(19.0)

  

160

(17.4)

  Overweight and obese

  

5

(6.3)

  

71

(7.7)

 Number of ANCc

     ≤ 3 visits

  

35

(44.3)

  

583

(63.3)

      ≥ 4 visits

  

44

(55.7)

  

338

(36.7)

 SMMd

  Present

  

10

(12.7)

  

35

(3.8)

  Absent

  

69

(87.3)

  

886

(96.2)

 Obstetric haemorrhage

  Present

  

2

(2.5)

  

16

(1.7)

  Absent

  

77

(97.5)

  

905

(98.3)

 Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

  Present

  

6

(7.6)

  

12

(1.3)

  Absent

  

73

(92.4)

  

909

(98.7)

 Severe management indicators

  Present

  

2

(2.5)

  

16

(1.7)

  Absent

  

77

(97.5)

  

905

(98.3)

  1. a Expressed as median (interquartile range). Skewed to the right
  2. b BMI body mass index
  3. c ANC antenatal care
  4. d SMM severe maternal morbidity