From: Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China
Variable/group | 25(OH)D (ng/ml) | P value | Percentage with 25(OH)D (ng/ml) | P value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | 95%CI | n |  < 12 | 12–19 | 20–29 | 30–50 | |||
Total | 953 | 16 | 11–21 |  | 953 | 31.8% (303) | 40.7% (388) | 25.1% (239) | 2.4% (23) |  |
Age (years) | ||||||||||
 20–25 | 120 | 16 | 15–17 | 8.5 | 120 | 31.7% (38) | 42.5% (51) | 25.8% (31) | 0.0% (0) | 17.6 |
 25–30 | 471 | 16 | 15–16 |  | 471 | 36.5% (172) | 38.4% (181) | 22.5% (106) | 2.5% (12) |  |
 30–35 | 274 | 17 | 16–18 |  | 274 | 26.3% (72) | 41.6% (114) | 29.6% (81) | 2.6% (7) |  |
  ≥ 35 | 88 | 17 | 15–18 | 0.04 | 88 | 23.9% (21) | 47.7% (42) | 23.9% (21) | 4.6% (4) | 0.04 |
Parity | ||||||||||
 0 | 671 | 16 | 15–17 | 2.7 | 671 | 30.7% (206) | 41.3% (277) | 26.1% (175) | 1.9% (13) | 45 |
 1 | 248 | 15 | 14–16 |  | 248 | 35.1% (87) | 40.7% (101) | 23.4% (58) | 0.8% (2) |  |
  ≥ 2 | 34 | 14 | 12–15 | 0.04 | 34 | 29.4% (10) | 29.4% (10) | 17.7% (6) | 23.5% (80) | 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
 Underweight | 119 | 17 | 16–18 | 14 | 119 | 16.0% (19) | 52.1% (62) | 28.6% (34) | 21.1% (4) | 29 |
 Normal | 623 | 16 | 15–17 |  | 623 | 32.1% (200) | 38.2% (238) | 27.1% (169) | 2.6% (16) |  |
 Overweight | 162 | 15 | 14–16 |  | 162 | 40.7% (66) | 40.7% (66) | 17.9% (29) | 0.6% (1) |  |
 Obese | 49 | 14 | 13–16 | 0.003 | 49 | 36.7% (18) | 44.9% (22) | 14.3% (7) | 4.1% (2) | 0.01 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||
 Yes | 56 | 16 | 15–18 | 13 | 56 | 39.3% (22) | 32.1% (18) | 25.0% (14) | 3.6% (2) | 2.4 |
 No | 897 | 15 | 13–16 | 0.02 | 897 | 31.3% (281) | 41.3% (370) | 25.1% (225) | 2.3% (21) | 0.01 |
Gestational Hyperlipemia | ||||||||||
 No | 931 | 16 | 15–17 | 0.4 | 931 | 31.9% (297) | 40.7% (379) | 25.1% (234) | 2.3% (21) | 0.6 |
 Yes | 22 | 15 | 13–16 | 0.7 | 22 | 27.3% (6) | 40.9% (9) | 22.7% (5) | 9.1% (2) | 0.9 |