Table 1 Participants’ characteristics based on overall consumption of iron and folic acid during pregnancy (N = 330)

Age, years

*

  18–24

139

(42.1)

3 (13.6)

136 (44.2)

6 (23.1)

133 (43.8)

  25–30

101

(30.6)

10 (45.5)

91 (29.5)

10 (38.5)

91 (29.9)

  ≥ 31

90

(27.3)

9 (40.9)

81 (26.3)

10 (38.5)

80 (26.3)

Marital status

  Single

167

(50.6)

8 (36.4)

159 (51.6)

10 (38.5)

157 (51.6)

  Married but not living together

31

(9.4)

4 (18.2)

27 (8.8)

5 (19.2)

26 (8.6)

  Married and living together

132

(40.0)

10 (45.5)

122 (39.6)

11 (42.3)

121 (39.8)

Education

**

**

  Primary and below

69

(20.9)

3 (13.6)

66 (21.4)

3 (11.5)

66 (21.7)

  Secondary/high school

214

(64.8)

9 (40.9)

205 (66.6)

14 (53.8)

200 (65.8)

  Tertiary

47

(14.2)

10 (45.5)

37 (12.0)

9 (34.6)

38 (12.5)

Religion

  Christian

288

(87.3)

17 (77.3)

271 (88.0)

20 (76.9)

268 (88.2)

  Other/non-religious

42

(12.7)

5 (22.7)

37 (12.0)

6 (23.1)

36 (11.8)

Income

  Sufficient/very sufficient

130

(39.4)

13 (59.1)

117 (38.0)

12 (46.2)

118 (38.8)

  Barely sufficient

71

(21.5)

4 (18.2)

67 (21.8)

6 (23.1)

65 (21.4)

  Insufficient/very insufficient

129

(39.1)

5 (22.7)

124 (40.3)

8 (30.8)

121 (39.8)

Employment status

*

  Unemployed

234

(70.9)

9 (40.9)

225 (73.1)

14 (53.8)

220 (72.4)

  Self employed

28

(8.5)

3 (13.6)

25 (8.1)

3 (11.5)

25 (8.2)

  Employed

68

(20.6)

10 (45.5)

58 (18.8)

9 (34.6)

59 (19.4)

Place of residence

  Urban

111

(33.6)

11 (50.0)

100 (32.5)

13 (50.0)

98 (32.2)

  Rural

219

(66.4)

11 (50.0)

208 (67.5)

13 (50.0)

206 (67.8)

Gravidity

  Primigravidity

114

(34.5)

9 (40.9)

105 (34.1)

11 (42.3)

103 (33.9)

  Multi/Grand-multi gravidity

216

(65.5)

13 (59.1)

203 (65.9)

15 (57.7)

201 (66.1)

Gestational age at first ANC

**

*

  0–12 weeks

75

(22.7)

22 (100)

53 (17.2)

26 (100.0)

49 (16.1)

  13–20 weeks

148

(44.8)

0 (0.0)

148 (48.1)

0 (0.0)

148 (48.7)

  > 20 weeks

107

(32.4)

0 (0.0)

107 (34.7)

0 (0.0)

107 (35.2)

Having a supportive partner

*

*

  Never/rarely

38

(11.5)

0 (0.0)

38 (12.3)

0 (0.0)

38 (12.5)

  Sometimes

44

(13.3)

0 (0.0)

44 (14.3)

1 (3.8)

43 (14.1)

  Always/almost always

248

(75.2)

22 (100.0)

226 (73.4)

25 (96.2)

223 (73.4)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Attitudes

22.45(1.77)

19.07(3.11)

21.88(1.97)

19.07 (3.14)

Barriers

0.86 (1.05)

2.02 (1.08)

0.65 (0.69)

1.56 (1.22)

Knowledge

8.23 (3.27)

5.46 (2.81)

7.92 (3.12)

5.45 (2.81)