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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics and perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy by socio-demographic and other characteristics

From: The association of breastfeeding self-efficacy with breastfeeding duration and exclusivity: longitudinal assessment of the predictive validity of the Greek version of the BSES-SF tool

 

N (%)a

BSES-SF

Mean (SD) at 48 h

p

N (%)a

BSES-SF

Mean (SD)

at 1st month

p

Age

 18–24

126 (25.3)

3.43 (0.85)

0.45

62 (23.1)

4.04 (0.68)

0.94

 25–29

231 (46.4)

3.41 (0.90)

129 (47.9)

4.00 (0.80)

 30–34

108 (21.7)

3.31 (0.96)

59 (21.9)

3.96 (0.91)

 ≥ 35

33 (6.6)

3.59 (0.90)

19 (7.1)

4.06 (0.66)

Education

 At most secondary

208 (42.6)

3.41 (0.90)

0.03

116 (44.3)

4.03 (0.77)

0.75

 Undergraduate

162 (33.2)

3.51 (0.91)

89 (33.9)

3.99 (0.76)

 Postgraduate

118 (24.1)

3.22 (0.85)

57 (21.8)

3.94 (0.87)

Marital Status

 Married/Cohabiting

484 (97.4)

3.39 (0.90)

0.34

259 (97.0)

4.00 (0.79)

0.69

 Other

13 (2.6)

3.63 (0.86)

8 (3.0)

4.10 (0.69)

Employment Status

 Full Time

324 (65.6)

3.35 (0.87)

0.16

170 (63.9)

3.94 (0.82)

0.18

 Part Time

55 (11.1)

3.54 (0.94)

33 (12.4)

4.04 (0.68)

 Unemployed

115 (23.3)

3.49 (0.92)

63 (23.7)

4.16 (0.75)

Monthly Family Net Income

 < = €1500

202 (45.2)

3.44 (0.90)

0.46

119 (48.8)

4.05 (0.72)

0.15

 €1501- €3000

178 (39.8)

3.33 (0.86)

86 (35.2)

3.88 (0.86)

 > = €3001

67 (15.0)

3.43 (0.94)

39 (16.0)

4.09 (0.82)

Country of Origin

 Cypriot

380 (77.2)

3.29 (0.86)

< 0.001

194 (73.5)

3.95 (0.78)

0.03

 Not Cypriot

112 (22.8)

3.83 (0.88)

70 (26.5)

4.19 (0.77)

Type of Birth

 Vaginal

223 (44.2)

3.57 (0.87)

< 0.001

135 (49.1)

4.17 (0.73)

0.002

 C/S w/t Gen Anesthesia

213 (42.3)

3.23 (0.89)

93 (33.8)

3.93 (0.81)

 C/S w Gen Anesthesia

68 (13.5)

3.37 (0.93)

 

47 (17.1)

3.72 (0.76)

 

Parity

 First child

246 (48.9)

3.17 (0.81)

< 0.001

140 (49.3)

3.81 (0.79)

< 0.001

 Multiparous w/t previous BF experience

32 (6.4)

2.78 (1.01)

7 (2.5)

3.70 (1.18)

 Multiparous w/ previous BF experience

225 (44.7)

3.74 (0.84)

137 (48.2)

4.23 (0.67)

Intention to breastfeed exclusively

 Yes

405 (81.9)

3.54 (0.83)

< 0.001

237 (88.4)

4.05 (0.76)

0.002

 No

92 (18.5)

2.80 (0.94)

31 (11.5)

3.60 (0.84)

Intention to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months

 Yes

377 (76.6)

3.57 (0.82)

< 0.001

225 (84.9)

4.08 (0.75)

< 0.001

 No

115 (23.4)

2.85 (0.93)

40 (15.1)

3.53 (0.85)

  1. p-values as estimated using independent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA, as appropriate
  2. aTotal number of breastfeeding mothers who completed the BSES-SF scale at 48 h and 1st first month: N = 504 and N = 284 respectively. Participants with missing socio-demographic information were excluded from the statistical analysis. The percentage of missing values was generally low and ranged between 0 and 7% (N = 488–504 and 262–284 respectively), with the exception of family income (N = 447 and 244 respectively)