Table 1 Review of fetuses with umbilical drainage to the coronary sinus directly or through a ductus venosus
References | Case | Referral indication | GA at diagnosis | Venosus connection | Additional US findings | Color technique | Chromosomal anomaly | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volpe et al (Italy) [10] | 1 | Suspected CHD | 26 | UV/CS | Cardiomegaly, anorectal malformations | CDFI | Normal | Alive after surgery |
Chi et al (USA) [14] | 2 | Suspected CHD | 20 | UV/CS | RA dilatation | CDFI | NA | NNA |
Perles et al (Israel) [5] | 3 | Cardiomegaly | 24 | UV/CS | PLSVC, cardiomegaly, TR | CDFI | Normal | NNA |
Achiron et al (Israel) [15] | 4 | Ascites | 24 | UV/CS | CAPVS, No IVC, RLCV, mitral atresia | CDFI | NA | TOP |
Shen et al (Israel) [16] | 5 | NA | 23 | UV/CS | Ebstein anomaly | 3D HDFI, 3D B-flow | Normal | Alive after surgery |
6 | NA | 26 | UV/CS | LSUA | 3D HDFI, 3D B-flow | Normal | NNA | |
7 | NA | 25 | UV/CS | Cardiomegaly, TR, ASD, PLSVC | 3D HDFI, 3D B-flow | Normal | Hyperammonemia | |
Jowett et al (UK) [17] | 8 | Absent corpus callosum | 25 | UV/CS | PRUV, agenesis of the corpus callosum, diaphragmatic hernia | CDFI | NA | NNA |
McBrien et al (Canada) [18] | 9 | Suspected CHD | 24 | UV/LSVC/CS | Absent nasal bone, diaphragmatic eventration | NA | NA | NNA |
10 | Suspected CHD | 21 | UV/LSVC/CS | Renal pelviectasis | NA | NA | NNA | |
Qian et al (China) [19] | 11 | Suspected CS dilatation | 24 | UV/DV/CS | None | CDFI, 3D B-flow | NA | NNA |
Ben et al (France) [20] | 12 | Suspected atrial abnormality | 32 | UV/DV/CS | None | CDFI | NA | NNA |
13-14 | Suspected atrial abnormality | NA | DV/CS | None | HDFI | NA | NNA | |
15 | Suspected atrial CS dilatation | NA | DV/CS | None | HDFI | NA | NNA | |
Wang et ala (China) | 16 | Suspected CS dilatation | 23 | DV/CS | None | HDFI, R-flow, 3D HDFI | Normal | NNA |