Table 2 Participants’ demographic, pregnancy and postnatal profiles (N=425)
Variable | n | Total( n = 425) | Pregnant women(n = 132) | Women who already gave birth (n = 293) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of mothers (years; mean ± SD) | 425 | 31.1 ± 3.56 | 31.2 ± 3.54 | 31.0 ± 3.57 | 0.61 |
Number of children (mean ± SD) | 425 | 1.69 ± 0.79 | 1.67 ± 0.81 | 1.70 ± 0.78 | 0.69 |
One child | 207 (48.7) | 68 (51.5) | 139 (47.4) | ||
Two children | 153 (36.0) | 42 (31.8) | 111 (37.9) | ||
Three children | 56 (13.2) | 19 (14.4) | 37 (12.6) | ||
Four children | 8 (1.88) | 3 (2.27) | 5 (1.71) | ||
Five children | 1 (0.24) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.34) | ||
Age of the last child (months; mean ± SD) | 293 | - | - | 3.36 ± 2.44 | - |
Gestational age (weeks; mean ± SD) | 132 | - | 36.4 ± 2.68 | - | - |
Pregnancy care | 425 | ||||
Private gynecologist | 249 (58.6) | 73 (55.3) | 176 (60.1) | 0.36 | |
Gynecologist in a hospital | 160 (37.6) | 46 (34.8) | 114 (38.9) | 0.42 | |
Independent midwife | 135 (31.8) | 56 (42.4) | 79 (27.0) | 0.002 | |
Midwife attached to a hospital | 40 (9.41) | 9 (6.82) | 31 (10.6) | 0.21 | |
General practitioner | 21 (4.94) | 4 (3.03) | 17 (5.80) | 0.20 | |
Other | 22 (5.18) | 6 (4.55) | 16 (5.46) | 0.68 | |
Prenatal care | 424 | 0.56 | |||
Yes | 258 (60.8) | 83 (62.9) | 175 (59.9) | ||
No | 166 (39.2) | 49 (37.1) | 117 (40.1) | ||
Health problems during pregnancy | 423 | 0.75 | |||
None | 252 (59.6) | 82 (62.1) | 170 (58.4) | ||
One problem | 115 (27.2) | 33 (25.0) | 82 (28.2) | ||
Two or more problems | 56 (13.2) | 17 (12.9) | 39 (13.4) | ||
Type of childbirth | 293 | - | - | - | |
Vaginal delivery | 242 (82.6) | ||||
Programmed caesarean | 28 (9.56) | ||||
Emergency caesarean | 23 (7.85) | ||||
Maternity length of stay (days; mean ± SD) | 292 | - | - | 3.75 ± 1.49 | - |
Type of feeding (at the end of the maternity stay) | 292 | - | - | - | |
Breastfeeding | 231 (79.1) | ||||
Bottle feeding | 29 (9.93) | ||||
Mixed feeding (breast + bottle) | 32 (11.0) | ||||
Maternal health problems after delivery | 289 | - | - | - | |
None | 251 (86.9) | ||||
One problem | 34 (11.8) | ||||
Two or more problems | 4 (1.38) | ||||
Child health problems after delivery | 289 | - | - | - | |
None | 230 (79.6) | ||||
One problem | 41 (14.2) | ||||
Two or more problems | 18 (6.23) | ||||
Marital status (n (%)) | 425 | 0.69 | |||
Married / In couple / In legal cohabitation (heterosexual) | 413 (97.2) | 129 (97.7) | 284 (96.9) | ||
Married / In couple / In legal cohabitation (homosexual) | 3 (0.71) | 1 (0.76) | 2 (0.68) | ||
Single / Divorced / Separated | 6 (1.41) | 2 (1.52) | 4 (1.37) | ||
Widow | 1 (0.24) | 0 (0.00) | 1(0.34)2 (0.68) | ||
Other | 2 (0.47) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Living with her partner (n (%)) | 425 | 0.62 | |||
Yes | 417 (98.1) | 130 (98.5) | 287 (98.0) | ||
No | 6 (1.41) | 1 (0.76) | 5 (1.71) | ||
No partner | 2 (0.47) | 1 (0.76) | 1 (0.34) | ||
Upbringing of children with (n (%)) | 425 | 0.69 | |||
The father of the last children | 415 (97.6) | 129 (97.7) | 286 (97.6) | ||
The wife | 3 (0.71) | 1 (0.76) | 2 (0.68) | ||
Alone | 5 (1.18) | 2 (1.52) | 3 (1.02) | ||
A companion who is not the father | 2 (0.47) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.68) | ||
Other | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
Highest level of education completed (n (%)) | 420 | 0.24 | |||
Primary and lower secondary | 8 (1.90) | 2 (1.53) | 6 (2.08) | ||
Upper secondary | 40 (9.52) | 13 (9.92) | 27 (9.34) | ||
Bachelor’s | 177 (42.1) | 48 (36.6) | 129 (44.6) | ||
Nonuniversity long type | 11 (2.62) | 2 (1.53) | 9 (3.11) | ||
Master’s | 156 (37.1) | 58 (44.3) | 98 (33.9) | ||
PhD | 26 (6.19) | 8 (6.11) | 18 (6.23) | ||
Other | 2 (0.48) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.69) | ||
Professional status (n (%)) | 421 | < 0.0001 | |||
Active | 151 (35.9) | 68 (51.9) | 83 (28.6) | ||
On leave (maternity or parental leave) | 220 (52.3) | 45 (34.6) | 175 (60.3) | ||
In training | 7 (1.66) | 3 (2.29) | 4 (1.38) | ||
Unable to work (disabled or illness) | 13 (3.09) | 7 (5.34) | 6 (2.07) | ||
Housewife | 9 (2.14) | 1 (0.76) | 8 (2.76) | ||
Unemployed | 19 (4.51) | 7 (5.34) | 12 (4.14) | ||
Other | 2 (0.48) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.69) | ||
(Para)medical profession (n (%)) | 419 | 0.80 | |||
Yes | 135 (32.2) | 43 (33.1) | 92 (31.8) | ||
No | 284 (67.8) | 87 (66.9) | 197 (68.2) | ||
Profession in contact with children 0-2 years of age (n (%)) | 421 | 0.89 | |||
Yes | 82 (19.5) | 25 (19.1) | 57 (19.7) | ||
No | 339 (80.5) | 106 (80.9) | 233 (80.3) | ||
Subjective economic level (n (%)) | 420 | 0.07 | |||
Very easy to meet household needs | 53 (12.6) | 16 (12.2) | 37 (12.8) | ||
Easy to meet household needs | 226 (53.8) | 82 (62.6) | 144 (49.8) | ||
Difficult to meet household needs | 111 (26.2) | 25 (19.1) | 86 (29.8) | ||
Very difficult to meet household needs | 30 (7.14) | 8 (6.11) | 22 (7.61) | ||
Household income per month (n (%)) | 421 | 0.57 | |||
Less than €1000 | 2 (0.48) | 1 (0.76) | 1 (0.34) | ||
Between €1000 and €1999 | 47 (11.2) | 14 (10.7) | 33 (11.4) | ||
Between €2000 and €2999 | 78 (18.5) | 28 (21.4) | 50 (17.2) | ||
Between €3000 and €3999 | 184 (43.7) | 58 (44.3) | 126 (43.4) | ||
€4000 and more | 78 (18.5) | 23 (17.6) | 55 (19.0) | ||
Does not know | 4 (0.95) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (1.38) | ||
Refused to answer | 28 (6.65) | 7 (5.34) | 21 (7.24) |