The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Meta-regression analysis results

Type of maternal audit	Pooled Kappa (95% CI)	p-value	Heterogeneity test
Type of maternal audit	Pooled Kappa (95% CI)	p-value	p-value	I² (%)
Region
Asia	0.82 (0.34–1.29)	< 0.001	< 0.001	96.92
Africa	0.64 (0.25–1.03)	< 0.001	< 0.001	94.56
Sample size
< 100	0.40 (0.11–0.45)	< 0.001	< 0.001	98.99
≥ 100	0.87 (0.59–1.15)	< 0.001	< 0.001	95.79
Year of publication
< 2011	0.75 (0.51–1.21)	< 0.001	< 0.001	94.54
2011–2012	1.00 (0.57–1.25)	< 0.001	< 0.001	95.41
> 2012	0.58 (0.07–1.08)	0.025	< 0.001	95.24

ISSN: 1471-2393