The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Sub-group analysis based on type of maternal audit

Type of maternal audit	Weight ratio	Pooled Kappa (95% CI)	p-value	Heterogeneity test
Type of maternal audit	Weight ratio	Pooled Kappa (95% CI)	p-value	p value	I² (%)
Verbal autopsy		0.89 (0.52–1.25)	< 0.001	< 0.001	96.96
Fottrell et al., 2007 [23]	1.10
Midhet et al., 2008 [24]	0.40
Montgomery et al., 2011 [25]	1.26
Montgomery et al., 2012 [26]	0.79
Facility-based MDR		0.48 (0.14–0.82)	0.005	< 0.001	86.58
Owolabi et al., 2014 [27]	0.22
Mgawadere et al., 2016 (1) [28]	0.39
Mgawadere et al., 2016 (2) [28]	0.79

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