Table 7 The bi-variable and multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of determinants of infant mortality among births from reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, 2016
Variables | Infant status | Crude Odds Ratio (COR) with 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alive | Died | |||||
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 1913 | 61 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Rural | 8187 | 480 | 1.85 [1.39, 2.48] | 0.001 | 1.42 [0.98, 2.06] | 0.19 |
Sex of household head | ||||||
 Male | 7944 | 439 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Female | 2156 | 102 | 0.85 [0.68, 1.07] | 0.16 | 0.89 [0.70, 1.12] | 0.68 |
Wealth status | ||||||
 Poor | 5441 | 334 | 1.42 [1.14, 1.75] | 0.002 | 0.84 [0.65, 1.09] | 0.58 |
 Middle | 1399 | 67 | 1.12 [0.82, 1.51] | 0.51 | 0.81 [0.58, 1.13] | 0.19 |
 Rich | 3260 | 140 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Parity | ||||||
 1–3 | 6003 | 291 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 4–6 | 3457 | 193 | 1.14 [0.95, 1.39] | 0.16 | 1.01 [0.79, 1.29] | 0.93 |
 > 6 | 640 | 57 | 1.82 [1.34, 2.47] | 0.0001 | 1.51 [1.01, 2.26]* | 0.01 |
Maternal BMI (Kg/m2) | ||||||
 < 18.5 | 2306 | 153 | 1.27 [1.04, 1.56] | 0.001 | 1.22 [1.05, 1.50]* | 0.03 |
 ≥25 | 1306 | 50 | 0.73 [0.54, 0.99] | 0.05 | 0.78 [0.57, 1.08] | 0.44 |
 18.5–24.9 | 6488 | 338 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Covered by health insurance | ||||||
 Yes | 316 | 5 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 No | 9784 | 536 | 3.28 [1.33, 8.06] | 0.01 | 2.49 [0.99, 6.18] | 0.25 |
Sex of the child | ||||||
 Male | 5157 | 326 | 1.44 [1.21, 1.72] | 0.001 | 1.50 [1.25, 1.79] ** | 0.007 |
 Female | 4943 | 215 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Type of birth | ||||||
 Single | 9875 | 488 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Multiple | 223 | 53 | 5.01 [3.60, 6.97] | 0.0001 | 4.25 [3.01, 6.01] ** | 0.0001 |
Place of delivery | ||||||
 Health facility | 3345 | 141 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Home | 6755 | 400 | 1.37 [1.11, 1.68] | 0.03 | 0.78 [0.61, 1.05] | 0.83 |
Maternal age (in years) | ||||||
 < 20 | 379 | 25 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 20–29 | 5054 | 278 | 0.84 [0.55, 1.29] | 0.21 | 0.63 [0.41, 0.99]* | 0.02 |
 30–39 | 3864 | 193 | 0.76 [0.49, 1.18] | 0.19 | 0.52 [0.32, 0.84]** | 0.001 |
 ≥40 | 803 | 45 | 0.85 [0.51, 1.43] | 0.2 | 0.51 [0.28, 0.93]* | 0.02 |
Maternal education | ||||||
 No | 6460 | 378 | 1.57 [1.11, 2.22] | 0.01 | 0.96 [0.64, 1.44] | 0.73 |
 Primary | 2554 | 124 | 1.33 [0.92, 1.94] | 0.13 | 1.01 [0.67, 1.51] | 0.61 |
 Secondary and higher | 1086 | 39 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Number of ANC visit during pregnancy | ||||||
 No | 5506 | 423 | 3.50 [2.42, 5.07] | 0.0001 | 3.14 [2.11, 4.66] * | 0.001 |
 1–4 | 3146 | 86 | 1.23 [0.81, 1.86] | 0.32 | 1.14 [0.75, 1.74] | 0.65 |
 > 4 | 1452 | 32 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Preceding birth interval | ||||||
 <  24 months | 1943 | 175 | 1.97 [1.63, 2.38] | 0.001 | 1.79 [1.46, 2.19]* | 0.05 |
 ≥24 months | 8157 | 366 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Size at birth | ||||||
 Average | 3051 | 163 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Small | 2811 | 197 | 1.64 [1.32, 2.02] | 0.0001 | 1.55 [1.25, 1.92]** | 0.003 |
 Large | 4238 | 181 | 1.24 [0.99, 1.55] | 0.015 | 1.26 [1.01, 1.57]** | 0.006 |