MATERNAL SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
|
Maternal age (years):
|
18–23
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
24–27
|
1.06
|
[0.77,1.47]
|
1.25
|
[0.91,1.72]
|
1.47
|
[−1.29,4.22]
|
28–31
|
1.03
|
[0.76,1.41]
|
1.10
|
[0.80,1.51]
|
1.71
|
[−0.90,4.32]
|
32–35
|
0.88
|
[0.63,1.22]
|
1.03
|
[0.75,1.43]
|
0.30
|
[−2.35,2.95]
|
36–39
|
0.91
|
[0.65,1.28]
|
0.97
|
[0.69,1.36]
|
1.06
|
[−1.71,3.82]
|
40+
|
0.94
|
[0.64,1.39]
|
0.95
|
[0.64,1.43]
|
1.67
|
[−1.52,4.86]
|
Nationality:
|
Swiss
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Neighboring state
|
1.06
|
[0.91,1.25]
|
1.50
|
[1.29,1.74]
|
−0.99
|
[−2.24,0.26]
|
Other
|
1.45
|
[1.26,1.66]
|
1.57
|
[1.36,1.82]
|
0.01
|
[−1.22,1.24]
|
Socioeconomic status (+ 1 SD)
|
1.02
|
[0.96,1.09]
|
0.90
|
[0.85,0.96]
|
−0.02
|
[−0.52,0.49]
|
Urban (+ 1 SD)
|
1.16
|
[1.09,1.23]
|
1.07
|
[1.00,1.14]
|
−0.24
|
[− 0.64,0.16]
|
MOTHERS’ PREFERENCE AND EXPECTATIONS
|
Preference for autonomous decision (+ 1 SD)
|
1.15
|
[1.10,1.21]
|
1.02
|
[0.96,1.08]
|
0.37
|
[−0.08,0.82]
|
Preference for vaginal birth (+ 1 SD)
|
1.15
|
[1.06,1.24]
|
1.02
|
[0.95,1.09]
|
−0.74
|
[−1.25,-0.23]
|
Birth preparation (+ 1 SD)
|
1.06
|
[1.00,1.13]
|
0.98
|
[0.92,1.05]
|
0.16
|
[−0.31,0.63]
|
PREGNANCY CHARACTERISTICS
|
Parity:
|
Nulliparous
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Multiparous - no previous CS
|
0.94
|
[0.79,1.13]
|
0.90
|
[0.76,1.06]
|
1.35
|
[0.21,2.49]
|
Multiparous - previous CS
|
1.00
|
[0.81,1.23]
|
0.92
|
[0.74,1.14]
|
1.50
|
[−0.04,3.05]
|
Multiple birth
|
1.68
|
[1.20,2.35]
|
0.87
|
[0.59,1.29]
|
1.27
|
[−2.03,4.56]
|
High-risk pregnancy
|
1.25
|
[1.10,1.41]
|
1.04
|
[0.92,1.19]
|
−1.76
|
[−2.73,-0.79]
|
Main caregiver:
|
Physician
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Midwife
|
1.11
|
[0.93,1.32]
|
0.88
|
[0.73,1.07]
|
−0.17
|
[−1.49,1.16]
|
Both
|
0.95
|
[0.82,1.10]
|
0.82
|
[0.69,0.97]
|
0.99
|
[−0.08,2.06]
|
Other
|
1.58
|
[0.77,3.27]
|
0.89
|
[0.37,2.11]
|
−6.12
|
[−13.55,1.3]
|
BIRTH SETTING
|
Knew at least one of the care providers
|
1.00
|
[0.88,1.14]
|
0.98
|
[0.86,1.12]
|
1.05
|
[0.09,2.00]
|
Place of birth:
|
Public hospital
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Private hospital
|
1.01
|
[0.86,1.19]
|
1.05
|
[0.89,1.24]
|
0.19
|
[−0.95,1.34]
|
Birthing center
|
0.35
|
[0.21,0.59]
|
0.65
|
[0.46,0.93]
|
3.54
|
[1.96,5.13]
|
At home
|
0.72
|
[0.44,1.20]
|
0.88
|
[0.56,1.37]
|
7.55
|
[5.84,9.27]
|
Unplanned place of birth
|
1.47
|
[1.25,1.73]
|
1.33
|
[1.11,1.60]
|
−3.25
|
[−5.19,-1.31]
|
BIRTH CHARACTERISTICS
|
Mode of birth:
|
Non-instrumental vaginal birth
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
Forceps or vacuum birth
|
2.17
|
[1.85,2.55]
|
1.00
|
[0.84,1.20]
|
−6.94
|
[−8.41,-5.48]
|
Planned cesarean section
|
1.52
|
[1.18,1.96]
|
1.00
|
[0.79,1.26]
|
−2.31
|
[−4.08,-0.54]
|
Unplanned cesarean section
|
1.92
|
[1.61,2.28]
|
0.90
|
[0.72,1.13]
|
−9.35
|
[−11.14,-7.56]
|
Emergency cesarean section
|
2.10
|
[1.71,2.58]
|
1.32
|
[1.08,1.62]
|
− 12.12
|
[− 14.28,-9.96]
|
Duration of birth (+ 10 h)
|
1.07
|
[1.01,1.13]
|
1.02
|
[0.96,1.09]
|
−2.68
|
[−3.27,-2.09]
|
Child’s weight (+ 1000 g)
|
1.10
|
[0.96,1.26]
|
1.02
|
[0.90,1.16]
|
0.23
|
[−0.74,1.20]
|
Child’s age (+ 6 Mt.)
|
1.17
|
[1.06,1.29]
|
0.89
|
[0.81,0.99]
|
0.09
|
[−0.61,0.79]
|
EXPERIENCE OF INFORMAL COERCION
|
–
|
–
|
1.35
|
[1.19,1.54]
|
−7.52
|
[−8.63,-6.41]
|