Table 1 Antenatal depression and its association with the predisposing characteristics presented in the Comprehensive Biopsychosocial Model (n = 800)
Predisposing Characteristics | EPDS | Total n (%) | χ2 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥ 13 Depressed n (%) | < 13 Not Depressed n (%) | ||||
I-Sociodemographic factors | |||||
Age* | |||||
15–19 | 5 (3.0) | 19 (3.0) | 24 (3.0) | ||
20–34 | 127 (76.0) | 534 (84.4) | 661 (82.6) | 7.4 | 0.021* |
35–46 | 35 (21.0) | 80 (12.6) | 115 (14.4) | ||
Nationality | |||||
Non-Qatari | 139 (83.2) | 516 (81.5) | 655 (81.9) | 0.26 | 0.610 |
Qatari | 28 (16.8) | 117 (18.5) | 145 (18.1) | ||
Educational level | |||||
Higher education | 114 (68.7) | 434 (68.5) | 548 (68.5) | ||
Secondary education | 37 (22.3) | 149 (23.5) | 186 (23.2) | 2.0 | 0.551 |
Primary education | 10 (6.0) | 42 (6.6) | 52 (6.5) | ||
Illiterate | 5 (3.0) | 9 (1.4) | 14 (1.8) | ||
Occupational Status | |||||
Housewife | 113 (67.7) | 416 (65.7) | 529 (66.1) | ||
Employed | 54 (32.3) | 217 (34.3) | 271 (33.9) | 0.2 | 0.611 |
Family size* | |||||
Small family size (< 5) | 74 (44.3) | 403 (63.7) | 477 (59.6) | 20.5 | 0.000* |
Large family size (≥ 5) | 93 (55.7) | 230 (36.3) | 323 (40.4) | ||
Household Monthly income* | |||||
< 10.000 QR | 72 (43.1) | 285 (45.0) | 357 (44.6) | 6.5 | 0.039* |
10.000–20.000 QR | 69 (41.3) | 204 (32.2) | 273 (34.1) | ||
> 20.000 QR | 26 (15.6) | 144 (22.8) | 170 (21.3) | ||
II-Pregnancy-Related Characteristics | |||||
Gravity* | |||||
Primigravida | 42 (25.1) | 219 (34.6) | 261 (32.6) | 5.3 | 0.021* |
Multigravida | 125 (74.9) | 414 (65.4) | 539 (67.4) | ||
Trimesters* | |||||
1st trimester | 53 (31.8) | 144 (22.7) | 197 (24.6) | 7.8 | 0.021* |
2nd trimester | 67 (40.1) | 324 (51.2) | 391 (48.9) | ||
3rd trimester | 47 (28.1) | 165 (20.1) | 212 (26.5) | ||
Previous abortion | |||||
Yes (< 20 weeks gestation) | 40 (24.0) | 118 (18.6) | 158 (19.8) | 2.3 | 0.122 |
No | 127 (76.0) | 515 (81.4) | 642 (80.2) | ||
Previous C-Section | |||||
Yes | 41 (33.9) | 104 (26.7) | 145 (28.4) | 2.3 | 0.121 |
No | 80 (66.1) | 285 (73.3) | 365 (71.6) | ||
Body Mass Index* | |||||
Underweight | 1 (0.6) | 17 (2.7) | 18 (2.25) | 18.5 | 0.011* |
Normal | 47 (28.1) | 233 (36.8) | 280 (35.0) | ||
Overweight | 42 (25.1) | 198 (31.3) | 240 (30.0) | ||
Obese | 77 (46.2) | 185 (29.2) | 262 (32.75) | ||
III-Biological psychiatric risk | |||||
Previous use of medications related to mental illness (more than 6 times in any year) | |||||
Yes | 9 (5.4) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (1.25) | 29 | 0.000* |
No | 157 (94.6) | 633 (99.8) | 790 (98.75) | ||
Positive family history of mental health illness | |||||
Yes | 10 (6.0) | 22 (3.5) | 32 (4.0) | 2.1 | 0.441 |
No | 157 (94.0) | 611 (96.5) | 768 (96.0) | ||