From: Predictors of fear of childbirth and normal vaginal birth among Iranian postpartum women: a cross-sectional study
Having a doula at birth
Emergency cesarean
Vaginal birth
N
Mean ± SD
No
129
80.2 ± 18.1
348
75.6 ± 23.2
Yes
15
86.9 ± 16.4
170
67.4 ± 25.0
t
1.36
3.69
P
0.117
< 0.001