Fig. 4

Multivariable logistic regression analysis of demographic and clinical factors associated with opioid-benzodiazepine co-dispensing during pregnancy among commercially insured women in the United States, 2007–2015.

*Indicates statistical significance at p <  0.01; Adjusted odds ratio > 1 indicates greater odds of co-dispensing versus single dispensing; Adjusted odds ratio < 1 indicates lower odds of co-dispensing versus single dispensing