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Table 1 Baseline and pregnancy-related characteristics

From: Antenatal depressive symptoms and adverse perinatal outcomes

Characteristic

Overall

(N = 1694)

No depressive

Symptoms

(N = 1363)

Depressive

Symptoms

(N = 331)

p-value

BASELINE

Age group

   

0.17

  < 25

411 (24.3)

346 (25.4)

65 (19.6)

 

 25–30

660 (39.0)

520 (38.1)

140 (42.3)

 

 30–35

417 (24.6)

332 (24.4)

85 (25.7)

 

  > 35

206 (12.1)

165 (12.1)

41 (12.4)

 

Nationality

   

0.22

 Kuwaiti

421 (24.9)

330 (24.2)

91 (27.5)

 

 Non-Kuwaiti

1273 (75.1)

1033 (75.8)

240 (72.5)

 

Employment status

   

0.04

 Employed

765 (45.2)

622 (45.6)

143 (43.2)

 

 Housewife

759 (44.8)

594 (43.6)

165 (49.8)

 

 Unemployed

170 (10.0)

147 (10.8)

23 (7.0)

 

Education

   

<.01

 Up to high school

517 (30.5)

387 (28.4)

130 (39.3)

 

 Higher education

1177 (69.5)

976 (71.6)

201 (60.7)

 

Household Income (KWD)a

   

0.17

  < 400

499 (30.3)

388 (29.3)

111 (34.3)

 

 400–800

580 (35.2)

474 (35.8)

106 (32.7)

 

 800–1600

337 (20.4)

267 (20.2)

70 (21.6)

 

  ≥ 1600

232 (14.1)

195 (14.7)

37 (11.4)

 

PREGNANCY

Parity

   

0.01

 Primiparous

564 (33.3)

473 (34.7)

91 (27.5)

 

 Multiparous

1129 (66.7)

889 (65.3)

240 (72.5)

 

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

   

0.85

  < 18.5

39 (2.3)

31 (2.3)

8 (2.4)

 

 18.5–25

735 (43.6)

594 (43.7)

141 (43.0)

 

 25–30

551 (32.7)

448 (33.0)

103 (31.4)

 

  ≥ 30

362 (21.4)

286 (21.0)

76 (23.2)

 

In vitro fertilization

   

0.11

 No

1652 (97.6)

1333 (97.9)

319 (96.4)

 

 Yes

41 (2.4)

29 (2.1)

12 (3.6)

 

Preterm delivery in previous pregnancies

   

<0.01

 No previous pregnancy

473 (27.9)

400 (29.3)

73 (22.0)

 

 No preterm delivery

112 (6.6)

80 (5.9)

32 (9.7)

 

 At least one preterm delivery

1108 (65.5)

882 (64.8)

226 (68.3)

 

Gestational hypertension

   

0.58

 No

1252 (95.3)

1015 (95.1)

237 (96.0)

 

 Yes

62 (4.7)

52 (4.9)

10 (4.0)

 

Gestational diabetes

   

0.39

 No

1228 (91.3)

988 (91.0)

240 (92.7)

 

 Yes

117 (8.7)

98 (9.0)

19 (7.3)

 

Sex of the baby

   

0.78

 Female

802 (47.3)

643 (47.2)

159 (48.0)

 

 Male

892 (52.7)

720 (52.8)

172 (52.0)

 

PTB

   

0.38

 No

1570 (92.7)

1267 (93.0)

303 (91.5)

 

 Yes

124 (7.3)

96 (7.0)

28 (8.5)

 

SGA

   

0.13

 No

1573 (92.9)

1272 (93.3)

301 (90.9)

 

 Yes

121 (7.1)

91 (6.7)

30 (9.1)

 

LGA

   

0.43

 No

1312 (77.4)

1061 (77.8)

251 (75.8)

 

 Yes

382 (22.6)

302 (22.2)

80 (24.2)

 
  1. a1 KWD ≈ 3.5 USD