An unconditional prenatal income supplement is associated with improved birth and early childhood outcomes among First Nations children in Manitoba, Canada: a population-based cohort study

Table 2 Association between Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit (HBPB) and Birth Outcomes for First Nations Mothers and Infants

Outcome	n		Crude Rates (%)		Adjusted Risk Ratio	95% CI	P	γ Sensitivity Value^a
Outcome	HBPB	No HBPB	HBPB	No HBPB	Adjusted Risk Ratio	95% CI	P	γ Sensitivity Value^a
Low Birth Weight	302	151	4.95	7.17	0.741	0.621, 0.883	< 0.001	41.2
Preterm Birth	537	249	8.80	11.82	0.774	0.679, 0.883	< 0.001	48.5
Small for Gestational Age	402	162	6.59	7.70	0.916	0.781, 1.073	0.276	–
Large for Gestational Age	1216	367	19.93	17.45	1.069	0.976, 1.170	0.151	–
Low 5-min Apgar Score	183	69	3.00	3.28	0.870	0.681, 1.111	0.265	–
Breastfeeding Initiation	3765	1191	61.72	56.55	1.046	1.009, 1.085	0.014	20.1
Hospital Readmission within 28 Days	159	43	2.76	2.22	1.163	0.871, 1.554	0.306	–
Outcome	n		Unweighted Means		Weighted Means (95% CI)		P	γ Sensitivity Value
Outcome	HBPB	No HBPB	HBPB	No HBPB	HBPB	No HBPB	P	γ Sensitivity Value
Birth Hospitalization LOS in days (for vaginal births only)	5260	1796	2.96	3.05	2.96 (2.87, 3.04)	3.04 (2.93, 3.15)	0.239	–

^aThe γ sensitivity analyses were conducted only for findings that were statistically significant. HBPB Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit, LOS length of stay

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