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Table 2 The descriptives statistics of MFA and PPD, and the comparisons between the pregnant smokers and the non-smokers

From: Correction to: The association of maternal-fetal attachment with smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy in The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study

 

Non-smokers

Smokers

Between-groups difference

 

N = 3086

N = 612

 

n

Mean (SD)

Median (range)

n

Mean (SD)

Median (range)

pa

r

24gwks

 MFAS

2331

86.9 (10.6)

87 (51–116)

409

88.0 (10.0)

88 (44–113)

0.074

0.03

  Role taking

2336

16.7 (2.8)

17 (6–20)

410

16.8 (2.7)

17 (7–20)

0.703

0.01

  Differentiation

2340

15.4 (2.5)

15 (6–20)

410

15.7 (2.4)

16 (7–20)

0.032*

0.04

  Interacting

2338

16.6 (3.1)

17 (5–25)

410

17.1 (3.0)

17 (8–24)

0.004**

0.05

  Attributing

2335

18.5 (3.4)

19 (6–30)

409

19.0 (3.2)

19 (11–29)

0.006**

0.05

  Giving

2338

19.7 (2.5)

20 (9–25)

410

19.5 (2.5)

20 (8–25)

0.091

0.03

 EPDS

2317

4.8 (4.1)

4 (0–25)

408

6.0 (4.3)

5 (0–23)

< 0.001**

0.11

 SCL-90 Anxiety

2314

3.8 (4.2)

3 (0–30)

408

4.7 (4.6)

4 (0–24)

< 0.001**

0.08

34gwks

 MFAS

2188

92.0 (10.2)

93 (52–116)

373

93.1 (10.2)

93 (55–117)

0.137

0.03

  Role taking

2202

17.1 (2.6)

18 (7–20)

374

17.1 (2.5)

18 (8–20)

0.886

0.00

  Differentiation

2204

15.9 (2.4)

16 (8–20)

374

16.2 (2.2)

16 (10–20)

0.111

0.03

  Interacting

2202

18.1 (3.1)

18 (5–25)

374

18.5 (2.8)

19 (10–25)

0.037*

0.04

  Attributing

2198

21.1 (3.4)

22 (9–30)

373

21.8 (3.4)

22 (12–30)

0.001**

0.07

  Giving

2198

19.8 (2.4)

20 (10–25)

374

19.6 (2.5)

20 (10–25)

0.171

0.03

 EPDS

2191

4.7 (4.0)

4 (0–26)

373

5.9 (4.5)

5 (0–23)

< 0.001**

0.10

 SCL-90 Anxiety

2186

3.1 (3.8)

2 (0–27)

374

3.8 (4.6)

3 (0–33)

0.012*

0.05

  

n/N

%

 

n/N

%

Χ2 p

Cramer’s ϕ

24 gwks EPDS≥10

 

299/2317

12.9%

 

73/408

17.9%

0.007**

0.05

34 gwks EPDS≥10

 

287/2191

13.1%

 

84/373

22.5%

< 0.001**

0.09

  1. The estimates are based on the original data, not the imputed dataset
  2. Attrition in the MFAS questionnaire responses was higher among the smoking women in comparison with the non-smokers (24 gwks: 33.2% vs. 24.5%, χ2 = 20.2, p < 0.001; 34 gwks: 39.1% vs. 29.1%, χ2 = 23.8, p < 0.001, respectively)
  3. MFAS Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale and the subscales of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale: Role taking, Differentiation, Differentiation of self from fetus, Interacting, Interacting with the fetus, Attributing, Attributing characteristics to the fetus and Giving Giving of self, EPDS Edinburgh (Pre) Postnatal Depression Scale, SCL-90 Anxiety Symptom Checklist − 90, the Anxiety Subscale
  4. * p-value <.05, **p-value <.01
  5. a Mann-Whitney U test