Table 2 Maternal and fetal/infant adverse events of in mothers with and without liver cirrhosis(n = 291)
From: Maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study
Group A | Group C | t/χ2, P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Complications, n (%) | (n = 97) | (n = 194) | |
First trimester | n = 97 | n = 194 | |
Ectopic pregnancy | 3 (3.1) | 0 (0) | χ2# = 3.41, P = 0.065 |
Induced abortion | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | P** = 0.33 |
Missed abortion | 4 (4.1) | 6 (3.1) | χ2# = 0.013, P = 0.91 |
Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy | 7 (7.2) | 6 (3.1) | χ2# = 1.71, P = 0.19 |
Second trimester | n = 89 | n = 188 | |
Spontaneous abortion | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | P** = 0.10 |
Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 8 (8.2) | 5 (2.7) | χ2# = 3.39, P = 0.065 |
Third trimester | n = 87 | n = 188 | |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 18 (20.7) | 27 (14.4) | χ2 = 1.74, P = 0.19 |
Intrauterine fetal death | 3 (3.4) | 0 (0) | P** = 0.031 |
Oligohydramnios | 1 (1.1) | 12 (6.4) | χ2 = 3.62, P = 0.057 |
Placenta Previa | 1 + 3 (4.6) | 2 (1.1) | χ2# = 2.02, P = 0.16 |
Placenta abruption | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | P** = 0.55 |
Cesarean section | 64 (73.6) | 93 (49.5) | χ2 = 14.10, P = 1.7*10−5 |
Postpartum | n = 87 | n = 188 | |
Postpartum Hemorrhage | 12 (13.8) | 4 (2.1) | χ2 = 14.77, P = 1.2*10−4 |
Intensive care unit admission | 21 (24.1) | 2 (1.1) | χ2 = 41.32, P = 1.3*10−10 |
Intrauterine balloon pressure | 15 (17.2) | 7 (3.7) | χ2 = 14.77, P = 1.2*10−4 |
Hysterectomy | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | P** = 0.33 |
Poor wound healing | 3 (3.4) | 1 (0.5) | χ2# = 1.79, p = 0.18 |
Complication due to liver-related events | n = 97 | n = 194 | |
Bleeding Gums | 7 (7.2) | 2 (1.0) | χ2# = 6.32, p = 0.012 |
Infection | 10 (10.3) | 1 (0.5) | χ2 = 14.47, p = 1.4*10−4 |
MODS | 7 (7.2) | 1 (0.5) | χ2# = 8.50, p = 4.0*10−3 |
Right heart failure | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | p** = 0.33 |
Respiratory failure | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | p** = 0.33 |
Acute liver failure | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | p** = 0.11 |
Renal insufficiency | 3 (3.1) | 1 (0.5) | χ2# = 1.55, p = 0.21 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | p** = 0.33 |
Coagulation disorders | 2 (2.1) | 1 (0.5) | χ2# = 0.38, p = 0.54 |
New ascites or aggravating ascites | 6 (6.2) | 0 (0) | χ2# = 9.38, p = 2.0*10−3 |
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | p** = 0.11 |
TBA elevation | 18 (18.6) | 6 (3.1) | χ2 = 20.43, p = 6.0*10−6 |
ALT elevation | |||
Mild | 16 (16.5) | 4 (2.1) | Z = 6.898, p = 5.3*10−12 |
Moderate | 13 (13.4) | 2 (1.0) | |
Severe | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | |
Blood Transfusion | 28 (28.9) | 4 (2.1) | χ2 = 47.47, p = 5.6*10−12 |
Severe adverse events | 31 (32.0) | 3 (1.5) | χ2# = 57.964, p = 2.7*10−14 |
Fetal/newborn complications, n (%) | (n = 88) | (n = 189) | t/χ2, P-value |
Gestational weeks of delivery (mean ± SD, weeks) | 37.62 ± 2.63 | 39.07 ± 1.53 | t = 4.75, p = 6.0*10−6 |
Fetal development restriction | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | χ2# = 0, p = 1 |
Low birth weight infant | 12 (13.6) | 5 (2.6) | χ2 = 12.59, p = 3.9*10−4 |
Fetal macrosomia | 8 (9.1) | 10 (5.3) | χ2 = 1.43, p = 0.23 |
Fetal distress | 4 (4.5) | 4 (2.1) | χ2# = 0.55, p = 0.46 |
Preterm delivery | 27 (30.7) | 8 (4.2) | χ2 = 38.05, p = 6.9*10−10 |
Asphyxia of newborn | 9 (10.2) | 2 (1.1) | χ2 = 10.94, p = 9.4*10−4 |
Apgar score 4–7 at 1 min | 4 | 1 | |
Apgar score 0–3 at 1 min | 5 | 1 | |
Neonatal ICU admission | 8 (9.1) | 3 (1.6) | χ2# = 7.01, p = 8.0*10−3 |
Fetal/newborn death | 4 (4.5) | 0 (0) | χ2 = 5.82, p = 0.016 |