Table 1 Reported cases of monochorionic triplets with one acardiac fetus
Study ID | Maternal age (years) | Mode of conception | Triplet type | Diagnosis age(wks) | Prenatal intervention | Intervention weeks | Delivery age(wks) | Delivery method | Pregnancy outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kobori S 2019 [19] | 38 | NS | MCTA | 10 | RAF | 18 | 37 | CS | two male live infants weighing 2662 g and 2031 g, one acardiac fetus |
Yldrm E 2019 [20] | 30 | spontaneously conceived | MCDA | 31 | No | / | 35+4 | CS | two live infants weighing 2010 g and 2150 g |
Takano M 2019 [21] | 36 | spontaneously conceived | MCTA | 16+1 | Fetoscopic laser surgery | 16+1 | 28+4 | CS | two live infants weighing 917 g and 773 g |
Yuan H 2017 [22] | 39 | IVF-ET | MCDA | 10 | No | / | early pregnancy | induced labor | one acardiac twin and conjoined pump twins |
Li Q 2017 [23] | 32 | IVF-ET | MCDA | 21 | Intrathoracic selective reduction of the acardiac twin by injecting 15 mL of 10% NaCl | 21+ | 35+4 | CS | two male live infants weighing 2050 g and 1900 g |
Takahashi Y 2018 [24] | 29 | NS | MCTA | 13 | RAF | 16+3 | 29+3 | CS | two female infants weighing 1167 g and 1237 g, one macerated acardiac fetus |
Sugibayashi R 2016 [25] | NS | NS | MCTA | 13+5 | RAF | 16+2 | 36+5 | NS | two live infants weighing 2518 g and 2732 g, one acardiac fetus |
Chaveeva P 2014 [18] | NS | NS | MCDA | 14+5 | No | / | 22+2 | Induced labor due to intrauterine demise of the two fetuses | two dead fetuses |
NS | NS | MCDA | 16+2 | No | / | 17 | Induced labor due to intrauterine demise of the two fetuses | two dead fetuses | |
NS | NS | MCTA | 24+3 | No | / | 34+1 | NS | two live infants | |
NS | NS | MCTA | 13 | Endoscopic laser | 16 | 35+4 | NS | two live infants | |
NS | NS | MCTA | 16 | Intrafetal laser | 16 | 37 | NS | two live infants | |
López-Pérez R 2015 [26] | 28 | NS | MC triplet | 20 | No | / | 32 | CS | two live infants weighing 1821 g and 1512 g |
Argoti PS 2013 [17] | 22 | NS | MCTA | 21 | RAF | 23+4 | 31+5 | CS | two live infants weighing 1515 g and 1275 g |
Abi-Nader K 2009 [27] | 25 | spontaneously conceived | MCDA | 15 | No | / | 26+5 | CS | two live infants weighing 640 g and 1000 g, one acardiac fetus |
Sepulveda1 W 2009 [28] | 33 | spontaneously conceived | MCDA | 17 | No | / | 31 | CS | two structurally normal infants weighing 1320 g and 1640 g, one acardiac fetus |
38 | spontaneously conceived | MCTA | 10 | No | / | 12 | Dilatation and curettage due to intrauterine demise of the two fetuses | intrauterine demise of the two normal fetuses | |
Lee H 2007 [29] | NS | NS | MCDA | NS | RAF | NS | 30 | NS | two live infants |
Van Schoubroeck D 2004 [30] | NS | NS | MCTA | 13 | Laser cord occlusion | 16 | 38 | NS | two live infants |
NS | NS | MCTA | 13 | Laser cord occlusion | 19 | 36 | NS | one live infant, one dead fetus | |
NS | NS | MCTA | 13 | Laser cord occlusion | 17 | 35 | NS | two live infants | |
Dahiya P 2004 [31] | 32 | spontaneously conceived | MCDA | early second trimester | No | / | term | CS | two female live infants weighing 2300 g and 2500 g, one acardiac fetus |
Pascal A 2000 [32] | 20 | spontaneously conceived | MCTA | 17 | No | / | 17+ | NS | two structurally normal fetuses weighing 149 g and 99g, one acardiac fetus |
Bolaji II 1992 [33] | 21 | NS | MCTA | 18 | No | / | 32 | CS | two female live infants, one acardiac fetus |