Table 2 Results of critical appraisal for Randomized Controlled Trials (Cochrane, 2019)
Study (year) | Bias arising from the randomization process | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing outcome data | Bias in measurement of the outcome | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall risk-of-bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhuang (2019) [37] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Shi et al. (2017) [38] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | High risk |
Li et al. (2017) [39] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Yu et al. (2019) [40] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Zeng et al. (2019) [41] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Puapornpong et al. (2017) [42] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Liu et al. (2019) [43] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Zhang (2019) [44] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Zhao (2019) [45] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Liang et al. (2017) [46] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns | High risk |
Wang (2019) [47] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | High risk |