Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
Author (year) | Sample size(n) (E/C) | Study design | Vaginal delivery/Caesarean (n) | Primipara/Multipara (n) | Gestational weeks (Mean ± SD) (E/C) | Age of mother (years) (Mean ± SD) (E/C) | Intervention (E/C) | Age of infant | Intervention period | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E | C | E | C | |||||||||
Zhuang (2019) [37] | 75/75 | RCT | 38/37 | 35/40 | – | – | – | 26.2 ± 4.7/ 25.3 ± 4.5 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Traditional breastfeeding position | 0 day | 1-8w | Nipple pain |
Shi et al. (2017) [38] | 84/84 | RCT | 50/34 | 52/32 | 56/28 | 55/29 | 36–39/ 36–40 | 27.98 ± 4.25/ 28.51 ± 4.69 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Traditional breastfeeding position | – | 1-3d | Nipple pain, Nipple trauma |
Li et al. (2017) [39] | 100/100 | RCT | 64/36 | 68/32 | 60/40 | 64/36 | 38–40/ 37–40 | 27.86 ± 4.25/ 27.43 ± 4.17 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Traditional breastfeeding position | <3d | 1-3d | Nipple pain, Nipple trauma, Position Comfort, Correct latching position |
Yu et al. (2019) [40] | 100/100 | RCT | 0/100 | 0/100 | 100/0 | 100/0 | 39.06 ± 1.08/ 39.33 ± 1.06 | 27.43 ± 4.14/ 27.40 ± 3.81 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Cradle breastfeeding (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 1-3d | Nipple trauma, Position Comfort |
Zeng et al. (2019) [41] | 60/60 | RCT | 42/18 | 44/16 | – | – | 39.35 ± 1.23/39.42 ± 1.13 | 26.75 ± 4.23/ 27.28 ± 4.42 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Cradle breastfeeding (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 1d-4w | Nipple pain |
Puapornpong et al. (2017) [42] | 76/76 | RCT | 0/76 | 0/76 | – | – | 38.5 ± 0.9/38.6 ± 1.0 | 27.5 ± 5.9/ 27.1 ± 6.1 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Side-Lying Breastfeeding (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 1d-6w | Position Comfort |
Liu et al. (2019) [43] | 49/49 | RCT | – | – | – | – | – | – | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN) /Traditional breastfeeding position | – | 1-4w | Nipple pain, Nipple trauma |
Zhang (2019) [44] | 74/70 | RCT | 58/16 | 56/14 | 74/0 | 70/0 | 38.89 ± 0.96/ 39.09 ± 0.97 | 25.82 ± 3.43/ 26.16 ± 3.62 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN + SSC) /Cradle breastfeeding (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 1d-6w | Nipple pain, Correct latching position |
Zhao (2019) [45] | 48/48 | RCT | 48/0 | 48/0 | – | – | 39.57 ± 1.06/ 39.40 ± 1.11 | 26.31 ± 2.82/ 27.27 ± 3.83 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN + SSC) /Traditional breastfeeding position | 0 day | 1-3d | Nipple pain |
Liang et al. (2017) [46] | 200/200 | RCT | 200/0 | 200/0 | – | – | – | – | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN + SSC) /Traditional breastfeeding position | 0 day | 1-3d | Nipple trauma |
Wang (2019) [47] | 50/50 | RCT | 27/23 | 30/20 | 34/16 | 32/18 | – | 27.9 ± 2.3/ 27.7 ± 2.1 | Laid-back breastfeeding (BN + SSC) /Standard care (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 0-1 m | Nipple pain, Nipple trauma |
Lu et al. (2019) [48] | 54/54 | Q-RCT | – | – | 26/28 | 25/29 | 38.95 ± 0.45/ 39.50 ± 0.50 | 26.88 ± 3.32/ 26.76 ± 3.25 | Laid-back Breastfeeding (BN + SSC) /Standard care (Traditonal position) | 0 day | 0-1w | Nipple trauma, Position Comfort, Correct latching position |