Weight gain after diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study

Table 3 Per-Unit Increase of GWG Level after OGTT and Risks of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM

	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
Overall adverse pregnancy outcomes	1.72 (1.50–1.97)	< 0.0001
PIH and preeclampsia	1.12 (0.96–1.31)	0.1
LGA	1.29 (1.13–1.47)	< 0.0001
SGA	1.15 (0.87–1.51)	0.3
Macrosomia	1.24 (1.06–1.46)	0.006
LBW	1.05 (0.83–1.33)	0.7
Preterm	1.08 (0.90–1.30)	0.4
Birth by cesarean section	1.91 (1.67–2.19)	< 0.0001
Indicators for cesarean section
Previous cesarean section	1.22 (1.03–1.44)	0.02
Malpresentations	1.28 (1.04–1.57)	0.02
Fetal distress	1.06 (0.81–1.39)	0.6
Advanced maternal age (> 35 years)	1.12 (0.90–1.38)	0.3
Cephalopelvic disproportion	1.11 (0.84–1.45)	0.5

Adjusted for age, gravidity, parity, PPBMI, height, adverse pregnancy history, GWG before OGTT, blood glucose levels at OGTT and late pregnancy
Overall adverse pregnancy outcomes referred to prevalence of any adverse pregnancy outcome below
GWG gestational weight gain; OGTT oral glucose tolerance test; GDM gestational diabetes mellitus; PIH pregnancy induced pregnancy; LBW low birth weight; LGA large for gestational age; SGA small for gestational age; IOM Institute of Medicine; PPBMI pre-pregnancy body mass index

ISSN: 1471-2393