Table 1 Characteristic of participant women with GDM diagnosed by 75 g OGTT
|  | mean ± SD or n(%) |
|---|---|
N | 3126 |
Age, year, mean ± SD | 31.69 ± 3.81 |
Education level | |
 College or higher, n(%) | 2225 (71.18) |
 Up to high school, n(%) | 901 (28.82) |
Gravidity, 1st, n(%) | 1433 (45.84) |
Primiparity, n(%) | 2462 (78.76) |
Adverse pregnancy history, n(%) | 427 (13.66) |
Height, cm, mean ± SD | 162.54 ± 4.75 |
Pre-pregnancy weight, kg, mean ± SD | 62.35 ± 12.19 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 23.58 ± 4.35 |
Maternal weight at delivery, kg, mean ± SD | 75.45 ± 11.75 |
GWG, kg, mean ± SD | 13.10 ± 5.26 |
Blood glucose level at OGTT, mmol/L, mean ± SD | |
 0 h | 5.11 ± 0.63 |
 1 h | 9.67 ± 1.71 |
 2 h | 8.05 ± 1.60 |
Gestational weeks of OGTT, mean ± SD | 24.96 ± 0.94 |
Fasting blood glucose level in late pregnancy, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 4.85 ± 0.61 |
Pregnancy outcomes | |
 PIH and preeclampsia, n(%) | 295 (9.44) |
 Birth by cesarean section, n(%) | 1102 (35.25) |
 Gestational age at birth, week, mean ± SD | 38.58 ± 1.41 |
 Preterm, n(%) | 154 (4.93) |
 Neonatal birth weight, g, mean ± SD | 3412 ± 483 |
 Macrosomia, n(%) | 313 (10.01) |
 LBW, n(%) | 100 (3.20) |
 LGA, n(%) | 759 (24.28) |
 SGA, n(%) | 50 (1.60) |