Table 2 Overall estimates of maternal characteristics, treatment profile, and outcomes

 Age (years) mean (95% CI)

30.60 (28.90, 32.40)^a

31.10 (29.97, 32.24)

0.359

 BMI (Kg/m²) mean (95% CI)

29.40 (27.30, 31.70)^a

35.81 (32.04, 39.57)

<  0.001

 Gestational age (weeks) mean (95% CI)

31.30 (28.80, 33.80)^a

32.70 (31.31, 34.24)

0.050

Symptomatic presentation

0.89 (0.75, 0.98)

0.89 (0.78, 0.95)

0.006

 Diabetes mellitus

0.04 (0.03, 0.07)

0.23 (0.12, 0.39)

<  0.001

 Hypertension

0.04 (0.02, 0.07)

0.09 (0.03, 0.22)

0.283

 Asthma

0.04 (0.02, 0.06)

0.09 (0.03, 0.22)

0.131

 Obesity

0.09 (0.04, 0.15)

0.29 (0.16, 0.46)

<  0.001

 Oxygen support

0.33 (0.20, 0.47)

0.53 (0.40, 0.66)

<  0.001

 Steroids

0.06 (0.00, 0.19)

0.44 (0.31, 0.57)

<  0.001

 Immunosuppressants

0.01 (0.00, 0.03)

0.10 (0.04, 0.20)

0.004

 Hydroxychloroquine

0.10 (0.03, 0.19)

0.26 (0.16, 0.38)

0.082

 Antivirals

0.33 (0.18, 0.49)

0.45 (0.32, 0.58)

< 0.001

 Zinc/Magnesium

0.02 (0.00, 0.14)

0.21 (0.12, 0.34)

0.007

 Anticoagulants

0.03 (0.00, 0.07)

0.12 (0.05, 0.23)

0.031

 Antibiotics

0.36 (0.21, 0.52)

0.64 (0.51, 0.76)

<  0.001

 Plasma therapy/Anti-liver damage

0.02 (0.00, 0.06)

0.14 (0.07, 0.26)

<  0.001

 Mechanical ventilation

0.03 (0.01, 0.07)

0.35 (0.23, 0.49)

<  0.001

 ICU admission

0.06 (0.02, 0.10)

0.43 (0.31, 0.57)

< 0.001

 Hospital length of stay (days) mean (95% CI)

8.47 (5.96, 10.97)^a

14.6 (12.0, 17.2)

<  0.001

 Maternal death

0.003 (0.00, 0.02)

0.05 (0.01, 0.13)

0.108

 Cesarean section

0.62 (0.54, 0.71)

0.69 (0.56, 0.80)

0.085

 Fetal demise

< 1%

0.08 (0.03, 0.19)

0.003

 Neonatal death

< 1%

0.02 (0.00, 0.08)

0.143

 Premature birth

0.26 (0.19, 0.34)

0.50 (0.37, 0.63)

<  0.001