Table 4 Thematic representation of the ICAMO element of pregnant women and mothers

Intervention

Reminder messages system [37, 50, 52, 55,56,57,58,59,60,61]

Communication platform

▪ Health information and education [5, 14, 15, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 59, 62,63,64,65]

Consultation platform with HCPs [39, 48, 51]

Context

Health system aspects and political clout

▪ Government support [61]

▪ Awareness of intervention [40, 63]

▪ Availability of HCPs [38, 39]

▪ Training, support, and supervision of HCPs [5, 45, 48]

▪ Health system responsiveness [40, 43, 49, 60]

Socio-cultural characteristics

▪ Socio-cultural practices, social structures, and norms [14, 61, 64]

▪ Community buy-in [51]

Socio-economic and demographic characterises

▪ Pre-existing individual (education, health literacy) characteristics [15, 37, 42, 46, 50, 52, 56, 57, 59, 62, 64,65,66]

▪ Income [14, 55]

▪ Access to a cell phone [46, 50, 55, 56, 58, 62, 65, 66]

Technical aspects of Mobile phone

▪ Access to a working phone [46, 50, 55, 56, 58, 62, 65, 66]

▪ Network availability and connectivity [15, 39, 56, 63]

▪ Preferences of language [58]

▪ Lack of trust in technology and face-to-face preference [61]

Actors

Pregnant women and mothers

Mechanism

Perceived satisfaction

▪ Satisfaction with care [48, 56, 60, 63]

▪ Perceived privacy and confidentiality [14]

▪ Perceived support from HCPs [5, 45]

Information overload and sensitisation [15]

Positive psychological support

▪ Encouragement [14, 37, 38, 46, 58, 59, 61, 65]

▪ Empowerment [42, 64]

▪ Motivation [39, 40, 43, 49,50,51,52, 58,59,60, 64, 66]

▪ Knowledge gained improved self-efficacy and confidence [40, 45, 52]

Outcomes

Improved overall health-seeking behaviour (O+)

▪ Improved MCH care [14, 42, 51, 59,60,61, 64,65,66]

▪ Improved use of ANC and PNC [5, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 46, 50, 52, 57, 58]

▪ Improved SBA, facility birth and emergency obstetric care [5, 14, 37,38,39, 45, 46, 50, 52]

▪ Increased use of iron tablets and immunization [56, 58]

Decreased visits to health facilities based on perceived desensitization (O-)

[15]